What is Technology

• The word technology refers to the making,

modification, usage, and knowledge of tools,
machines, techniques, crafts, systems and
methods of organization
• in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting
solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an
applied input/output relation or perform a
specific function
• It can also refer to the collection of such tools,
including machinery, modifications,
arrangements and procedures
• .
 Technologies significantly affect
human
• as well as other animal species' ability to
control and adapt to their natural
environments
• The term can either be applied generally or to
specific areas: examples include construction
technology, medical technology,
and information technology
• .
The human species' use of technology
• began with the conversion of natural
resources into simple tools
• The prehistorical discovery of the ability to
control fire increased the available sources of
food and the invention of the wheel helped
humans in travelling in and controlling their
environment
• .
 Recent technological developments
• including the printing press, the telephone,
and the Internet, have lessened physical
barriers to communication and allowed
humans to interact freely on a global scale
• However, not all technology has been used for
peaceful purposes; the development of
weapons of ever-increasing destructive power
has progressed throughout history,
from clubs to nuclear weapons
• .
 Technology has affected society
• and its surroundings in a number of ways
• In many societies, technology has helped
develop more advanced economies (including
today's global economy) and has allowed the
rise of a leisure class
• Many technological processes produce
unwanted by-products, known as pollution,
and deplete natural resources, to the
detriment of the Earth and its environment
• .
 Various implementations of
technology
• influence the values of a society and new
technology often raises new ethical questions
• Examples include the rise of the notion of
efficiency in terms of human productivity, a
term originally applied only to machines, and
the challenge of traditional norms
• .
 Philosophical debates have arisen
• over the present and future use of technology
in society, with disagreements over whether
technology improves the human condition or
worsens it
• Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and
similar movements criticise the pervasiveness
of technology in the modern world, opining
that it harms the environment and alienates
people
• .
 The Luddites were 19th-
century English textile artisans
• who protested against the newly-developed,
labour-saving machinery from 1811 to 1817
• The stocking frames, spinning frames and
power looms introduced during the Industrial
Revolution made it possible to replace the
artisans with less-skilled, low-wage labourers,
leaving them without work
• .
 Although the origin of the
name Luddite is uncertain
• a popular theory is that the movement was
named after Ned Ludd, allegedly a youth who
had smashed two stocking frames 30 years
earlier, and whose name had become
emblematic of machine destroyers
• The name evolved into the imaginary General
Ludd or King Ludd, a figure who, like Robin Hood,
was reputed to live in Sherwood Forest
• and prices fairly stable, then the working classes
maintained their tranquillity and disorders
became rare
• .
 Any casual observer of working-class
behaviour during the years 1740 to 1800
• might easily have come to the conclusion that the
majority of the lower orders was disaffected to
the point of disloyalty toward the king and his
government
• Such a verdict, however, would have been
inaccurate, as a careful study of the facts would
have proved
• There was never any evidence and display of
disloyalty, nor any real signs of disaffection
toward the government
• .
 Anarcho-primitivism
• is an anarchist critique of the origins and
progress of civilization
• According to anarcho-primitivism, the shift
from hunter-
gatherer toagricultural subsistence gave rise
to social stratification, coercion,
and alienation
• .
 Anarcho-primitivists
• advocate a return to non-"civilized" ways of
life through deindustrialisation, abolition of
the division of labour or specialization and
abandonment of large-scale
organization technologies
• There are other non-anarchist forms of
primitivism, and not all primitivists point to
the same phenomenon as the source of
modern, civilized problems
• .
 Opining means:
• To have an opinion
• to judge
• to think
• to suppose
• .
 Proponents of ideologies
• such as transhumanism and techno-
progressivism view continued technological
progress as beneficial to society and the human
condition
• Indeed, until recently, it was believed that the
development of technology was restricted only to
human beings, but recent scientific studies
indicate that other primates and
certain dolphin communities have developed
simple tools and learned to pass their knowledge
to other generations
• .
 Primates
• There are more than 300 species
of primates in the world from humans and
apes to monkeys
• .
 Proponent
• someone who publicly supports:
• an idea
• policy or
• plan
 Transhumanism
• The Reader’s Digest Great Encyclopedia
Dictionary states:
• “transhuman” is defined as meaning
“surpassing; transcending; beyond”
• The Webster’s Dictionary states:
• “transhuman” is defined as meaning
“superhuman,” and “transhumanize,” meaning
“to elevate or transform to something beyond
what is human”
• .
 Transhumanism
• Yet, these are not a complete and
contemporary meanings
• Today, we refer to “transhuman” as meaning
an evolutionary transformation from being
biologically human toward our merger with
technology
• ..
 Techno-progressivism
• technoprogressivism combining
"technoscience-focused" and "progressivism")
is a stance of active support for
the convergence of:
• technological change and
• social change
• …
 Techno-progressives argue that
• technological developments can be
profoundly empowering and emancipatory
• when they are regulated by
legitimate democratic and
• accountable authorities to ensure that
their costs, risks and benefits are all fairly
shared by the actual stakeholders to those
developments
• ………….