Strategies in reading in

the various areas

BEFORE READING
• Making predictions

Making predictions is a strategy in which

readers use information from a text (including
titles, headings, pictures, and diagrams) and
their own personal experiences to anticipate
what they are about to read (or what comes
next).
A reader involved in making predictions is
focused on the text at hand, constantly
thinking ahead and also refining, revising, and
verifying his or her predictions. This strategy
also helps students make connections between
their prior knowledge and the text.
Students may initially be more comfortable
making predictions about fiction than
nonfiction or informational text. This may be
due to the fact that fiction is more commonly
used in early reading instruction. Students also
tend to be more comfortable with the structure
of narrative text than they are with the features
and structures used in informational text.
However, the strategy is important for all
types of text.
Predicting is also a process skill used in
science. In this context, a prediction is made
about the outcome of a future event based
upon a pattern of evidence. Students might
predict that a seed will sprout based on their
past experiences with plants or that it will rain
tomorrow based on today’s weather.
WHILE READING
• Reading in pairs

Students are divided into pairs and read along

together or take turns reading aloud to each
other.

Pairs can have the same reading ability or can

include a more fluent reader with a less fluent
reader. Each student reads and provides
feedback about their own and their partner's
reading behaviors.
• Note-taking

Note-taking is a strategy that involves taking

down important details such as names,
dates, and places.

The reader can also restate, delete, and

combine words to limit the number of words
and simplify the content.
• Metaphor and analogy

A metaphor is an object, activity, or idea that is

used as a symbol of something else.
Example: America is a melting pot.
Analogy is a comparison of two things based on
their being alike in some way.
Example: Migration is like a summer vacation
because both birds and people travel someplace
warm, stay for a while, and return to where they
started.
AFTER READING
• Using graphic organizers

A graphic organizer is essentially just a tool

that provides ways to arrange and keep track
of information in a way that communicates
through pictures, diagrams, charts, or other
visuals instead of just text or spoken language.
Venn Diagram

WHALES FISHES

Give birth to live Lay eggs

Live in
young
the
ocean
Have the ability Breathe
to breathe above underwater
water
• Concept mapping

Concept mapping is a way to visually

organize your understanding of information.

It is hierarchical in nature, beginning with

the subject or topic at the top or side of the
page, and then branching into subtopics
and details.
• Summarizing

Summarizing teaches students how to take a large

selection of text and reduce it to the main points
for more concise understanding.

It is a technique that enables students to focus on

key words and phrases of an assigned text that are
worth noting and remembering.