ADVANCEMENT IN

ADVANCEMENT IN
AUTOMOBILE
AUTOMOBILE
TECHNOLOGY-
TECHNOLOGY-
ANTI-LOCK
ANTI-LOCK
BRAKING
BRAKING
SYSTEM(ABS)
SYSTEM(ABS)
MAKHAN SINGH(11318)
SUMIT KUMAR(11317)
 Presentation Outline:
What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) ?
Motivation for ABS Development
ABS Component Overview
ABS Components
How Does ABS Works ?
ABS Configuration
Advantages & Disadvantages
Summary
References
What is ABS ?

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an

automobile safety system that allows the
wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain
tractive contact with the road surface
according to driver inputs while braking,
preventing the wheels from locking up
(ceasing rotation) and avoiding
uncontrolled skidding.
 Motivation for ABS

Under hard braking, an “ideal” braking

system should:

Provide the shortest stopping

distances on all surfaces

Maintain vehicle stability and steer

ability
Anti-lock braking systems were
developed to
best meet these needs.
ABS Components Overview
•Typical ABS Components:

Wheel Speed Sensors (up to 4)

 Valves
 Pump
 Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
 ABS Components
1) Wheel Speed Sensor (WSS)

The ABS needs some way of knowing

when a wheel is about to lock up.
The speed sensors, which are located
at each wheel provides this information.
 2) Valves

There is a valve in a brake line of each brake

controlled by the ABS . On some systems, the valve
has three positions :
In position one, the valve is open, pressure from the
master cylinder is passed right through to the brake.
In position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating
that brake from the master cylinder.
In position three, the valve releases some of the
pressure from the brake.
 3) Pump

Since the Valve is able to release some pressure

from the brakes, there has to be some way to put
that pressure back. That is what the pump does ;
when a valve reduces the pressure in a line, the
pump is there to get the pressure back up. ABS
‘pumps’ the brakes much faster than any driver
could.

Anti-lock brake pump and

valves
 4) Electronic Control Unit

It’s a computer in the car. The ECU receives

information from each individual wheel speed
sensor , in turn if a wheel loses traction the
signal is sent to the controller , the controller will
then limit the brake force and activate the ABS
modulator which actuates the valves on and off.
 How Does ABS works ?
We will discuss how one of the simpler system works.

Sensors at each of the four wheels sense the rotation of the wheel.
Too much brake application wheel stop rotating
Sensors ECU releases brake line pressure wheel turns
again.
then ECU applies pressure again stops the rotation of the wheel
releases it again and so on

This releasing and re-application or pulsing of brake pressure happens

20 times per second or more.
This keeps the wheel just at the limit before locking up and skidding
no matter
how hard you apply the brakes.
With ABS, all you have to
do
in an emergency is quickly
squeeze the brake pedal as
hard as you can and hold it
there. Let the system do
the finesse work for you.

Anti-lock brake components

ABS Configuration

Depending on the ABS application, there are several

typical layouts.
A DVA N TA G E S D I S A DVA N TA G E S

Improves vehicle stability Costly as compared to

Rapid deceleration is conventional braking
efficient systems.
Improves cornering of Braking is inefficient when
wheels the ignition is switched off.
Avoids skidding of wheels,
hence increases tires life.
Insures vehicle safety
Summary

An ABS typically consists of:

 Up to 4 wheel speed sensors

 An ABS ECU
 Pumps and Valves
 The vehicle’s physical brakes
An ABS is designed to modulate braking pressure to
attain the peak coefficient of kinetic friction between
tire & road, & avoid total wheel lockup.
An ABS, under hard braking conditions, is designed to
reduce stopping distances under most conditions, while
maintaining vehicle stability and steer ability.
REFERENCES….

www.google.com

www.howstuffworks.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-
lock_braking_system

www.bosch-escential.com
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

At Last, We would like to thank Dr. Sunand Kumar

Gupta, Professor, NIT Hamirpur, for Providing us an
Opportunity to navigate through the ABS system and
present it in front of the whole class.

THANK YOU!