PRESENT PERFECT

TENSE
 DEFINITION OF
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We use the present perfect for actions which
started in the past and are still happening now
or for finished actions which have a connection
to the present.
Ex. They have known each other since they were children.

PAST PRESENT
This started in the past and continue to the present
THE STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+ PAST PARTICIPLE +OBJECT

The 3rd verb form

Verb Past tense Past participle

eat ate eaten
Affirmative Sentence
Subject + have/has+ past participle
Ex. I have tried sushi.

Negative Sentence
Subject+ +have not/has not+ past participle
Ex. I have not tried sushi.

Interrogative Sentence
Have/Has + subject + past participle?
Ex. Have you tried sushi?
 Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have swum I have not swum Have I swum?
You have swum You have not swum Have You swum?
He has swum He has not swum Have he swum?
She has swum She has not swum Have she swum?
It has swum It has not swum Have it swum?
We have swum We have not swum Have we swum?
They have swum They have not swum Have they swum?
The contraction form of the present
perfect tense
Have Contraction Examples
I have I’ve I’ve told
You have You’ve You’ve told
He has He’s He’s told
She has She’s She’s told
It has It’s It’s told
We have We’ve We’ve told
They have They’ve They’ve told
USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
• For actions of duration that occurred in the
past (before now) but are of unspecified time.

Past Present Future

Ex: I have visited Paris three times.

• For actions that started in the past but
continue to the present.

Past Present Future

Ex. We have owned this house since 1985.

• For actions that started in the past but stopped
recently.

Past Present Future

Ex: I have lost my keys, so I can’t get into my

house.
• To express things you have done in your life.
Ex. He has never studied Japanese.

JAPANESE

• To express the number of times you have

done something.
Ex. How many times have you tried to call
her?
• To describe recently completed actions
which are important now.
Ex. I have some bad news. I have lost my job.
Adverbs of time used with the
Present Perfect Tense
 The words JUST, ALREADY, EVER,
NEVER and YET are often used with
the present perfect tense.
 JUST
The present perfect can be used for an
action that was recently finished.
I have just
finished
running.
 ALREADY
already is used in positive statements
when an action is completed before we
expected.
I have already
finished
reviewing all
the
documents.
 EVER
ever is used to express the idea of an
unidentified time before now. It always
placed before the main verb.(past
participle)
Have you
ever been to
England?
 NEVER
never express the idea of an
unidentified time before now. never are
always placed before the main
verb.(Past Participle)
I have never
been to
Paris.
 YET
yet is used with present perfect tense
in negative statements and questions.

The mail
has not
arrived yet.
 CASES WHERE THE PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE CANNOT BE USED
• We use the present perfect for actions which
started in the past and are still happening
now or for finished actions which have a
connection to the present.
• We can not use the present perfect with a
finished time word.
• In such cases, we use the simple past tense.
I saw Rani yesterday.
I have seen Rani yesterday.

She called me in the morning.

She has called me in the morning.

She died three years ago.

She has died three years ago.

I was born in 1979.

I have been born in 1979.
THANK YOU..!!