UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT, RTU, KOTA

Seminar
On
Smart materials

Submitted To: Submitted By:

K. Chakarvarti Sir Aruna Jain (15/046)
CONTENT
Introduction
Shape memory alloy
Operation principle
Types of SME
Nitinol
Applications
Advantages and disadvantages
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
Smart materials are designed materials that have one
or more properties that can be significantly changed in
a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such
as stress, temperature, moisture, electric or
magnetic fields.
Types of Smart material:
Shape memory alloy
Piezoelectric
Thermoelectric materials
Thermochromic
Photochromic, etc.
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
SMA are the Materials which have the ability to return
to a predetermined shape when heated or cooled, or
below its transformation temperature.
When it is heated above its transformation temperature
it undergoes a change in crystal structure which causes
it to return to its original shape.
The most common shape memory material is an alloy of
nickel and titanium called Nitinol
This particular alloy has very good electrical and
mechanical properties, long fatigue life, and high
corrosion resistance.
 OPERATION PRINCIPAL
SMA has two stable phases
1) Austenite (high temperature phase)
2) Martensite (low temperature phase)

Fig. 1: Different phases of a shape memory alloy

 CONT.

(a) (b)
Fig. 2: (a)Temperature-induced phase transformation of a shape memory alloy without
mechanical loading. (b) hysteresis curve
TYPES OF SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT
 Types of SME
 One way SME
Cu-Al-Ni Alloy, Ti51Ni49
When a shape memory alloy is
in its cold state, the metal can
be bent or stretched and will
hold those shapes until heated
above the transition
temperature.
 Two way SME
Ni-Ti alloys
The two way shape memory effect
is the effect that the material
remembers two different shapes:
one at low temperature, and one at
the high temperature shape.
NITINOL
The term nitinol is derived from its
composition and its place of discovery:
(Nickel Titanium-
Naval Ordnance Laboratory).
Nitinol is actuator, sensor and heater all in
one material
Nitinol thin film actuators have attracted
significant development efforts in the
recent past years.
Nitinol films normally less than 10m in
thickness were deposited on silicon, glass
or polymeric substrates by sputter
deposition.
Fig.1. Equilibrium Ni-Ti phase diagram
APPLICATIONS
MEMS electrical & thermal Actuator
Robots
Aerospace and Naval Applications
Medical
 Eyeglasses
 Repair broken bones

Cellular phones
Flexible nitinol wires
Fire alarm sensor
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF SMA
ADVANTAGES
Good mechanical properties
diverse field of application
Biocompatibility
DISADVANTAGES
Expensive
Poor fatigue properties
Overstress
CONCLUSION
The high cost of SMAs is a ajor limiting factor for its
wider use in the construction industry.
Their capability to allow the development of smart
structures with active control of strength and stiffness
and ability of self healing and self repairing opens the
door for exciting opportunities, making them the
construction material of the future.
REFERENCES
w
Thank you