USE OF HEADED REINFORCEMENT

IN BEAM - COLUMN JOINTS

John W. Wallace, Ph.D., P.E.
Associate Professor, UCLA
Scott W. McConnell, M.S., P.E.
Structural Engineer, Schoor-DePalma, NJ

 National Science
Foundation
 Headed Reinforcement
Corporation
 ERICO Incorporation
HEADED
REINFORCEMENT ?
 Plate Anchor
Rectangular/Round
 Threaded/Friction Weld
 Area = 5 to 10 Bar Area
 Beam-Column Joints
Standard Hooks
 Ease of Fabrication &
Placement
WHY HEADED REINFORCEMENT ?
Congestion/Fabrication/Placement
 AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Anchorage/Beam-Column Joints
 UCLA & Clarkson University
Wallace, McConnell, Gupta
Reports/ACI Papers (1994, 1997, 1998)
Also Yu (2001)
 University of Texas, Austin
Jirsa, Devries, Bashandy
Ph.D. Dissertations (1996), ACI Paper (1999)
 University of Kansas
McCabe, Wright, Wu (Reports, 1997)
 PROJECT OVERVIEW
EXTERIOR ROOF
& CORNER JOINTS

EXTERIOR INTER-
STORY JOINTS
 TEST SETUP
Exterior Roof Connections

SPECIMEN HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

LVDT FOR DISPL. 52" LOAD CELL
CONTROL

36" CLEVIS

HEAVY LINK

RIGID REFERENCE
FRAME TIE DOWN REACTION WALL

STRONG FLOOR
 SPECIMEN DETAILS
Exterior Roof Connections
BEAM CROSS SECTION COLUMN CROSS SECTION

11" x 16" 16" x 16"

280 mm x 406 mm 406 mm x 406 mm
#5 GR60 US REBAR #6 (20mm)
(16 mm) #3 HOOP &
CROSSTIES

#3 STIRRUP
(9.5 mm)
14.5" 14.5"

0.75" 9.5" 0.75" 14.5"

(241 mm) (368 mm)
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Exterior Roof Connections
 Strong Column - Weak Beam (352-01)
 M column / M beam  1.2 (1.1 Test)
 Joint Confinement Reinforcement (352-01)
Ash = 0.3 shc ( Ag / Ach - 1) f c' / f y
Ash , provided / Ash ,req 'd = 1.51 (test)

 Joint Shear Stress Limits (352-91)

fVn = ( 0.85 )(12 ) 4000 (psi) (16" )(13 .5" ) = 140 kips
Vu = ( As in 2 )(1.25 )( 60 ksi )  Pbeam = 75 to 140 kips
Vu / f Vn = 0.5 to 1.0
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Exterior Roof Connections
 Anchorage Requirements
– Tension (318 Eq. 21-5, 352-91)
l dh = f y d b / 65 f c' (psi) = 925 d b / f c' (psi) = 14.6 d b
l provided / l dh = (18 to 22) d b / 14 .6d b = 1.23 to 1.5

– Compression (318 S12.3)

l db = 0.02 d b f y / f c' (psi) = 1200 d d / f c' (psi)
l d = (0.75) l db = 900 d d / f c' (psi) = 14 .23 d b
l provided / l d = (18 to 22)/14.23 = 1.25 to 1.55
 LOAD HISTORY
Exterior Roof/Inter-Story Connections
6

4
Drift Level (%)

-2

-4
BCEJ-1
-6
0 200 400 600 800
Counter Number
Specimen Damage
Exterior Roof Connections
KJ16 - Top Bar Pull-out
REINFORCING DETAILS
Exterior Roof Connections

Restraint Bars Restraint Bars

Top View Side View
Moment-Rotation Response
Exterior Roof Connections
2000
Opening 200
1500
1.5% 150
Mn=1011 in-kips
1000
(P=-33 kips) 1.0% 100
0.5%
Moment (in-kips)

Moment (kN-m)
500 50

0 0

-500 -50

6.0% -100
-1000
2.0%
Mn=1508 in-kips -150
-1500
(P=49.5 kips)
4.0% 3.0% -200
-2000
-250
Closing Knee Joint #17
-2500
-0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06
Specimen Rotation
 MEASURED REBAR STRAINS
Beam Top Bars Within the Joint
6000
TB1-FACE
MICROSTRAIN

4000 TB1-MID

2000
0
1.0% 2.0% 4.0%
-2000
6000
TB2-FACE
MICROSTRAIN

4000 TB2-END

2000
0
1.0% 2.0% 4.0%
-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500
DATA POINT
 TEST SETUP
Exterior Inter-Story Connections
12.75 ft (3.89 m)

10 ft
(3.05m)
 SPECIMEN GEOMETRY
Exterior Inter-Story Connections
BEAM CROSS SECTION COLUMN CROSS SECTION
18" x 24" 18" x 18"
457 mm x 610 mm 457 mm x 457 mm
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Exterior Inter-Story Connections
 Strong Column - Weak Beam (352-01)
 M column / M beam  1.2 (1.7 Test)
 Joint Confinement Reinforcement (352-01)
Ash = 0.3 shc ( Ag / Ach - 1) f c' / f y
Ash , provided / Ash ,req 'd = 1.17 (test)
 Joint Shear Stress Limits (352-91)
fVn = ( 0.85 )(15 ) 4000 (psi) (18" )(18" ) = 260 kips
Vu = ( 4 x 0.79 in 2 )(1.25 )( 60 ksi ) - Vcolumn = 207 kips
Vu / f Vn = 0.80
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Exterior Inter-Story Connections
 Anchorage Requirements
– Tension (318 Eq. 21-5, 352-91)
l dh = f y d b / 65 f c' (psi) = 925 d b / f c' (psi) = 14.6 d b
l provided / l dh = 13 d b / 14 .6d b = 0.9 (0.82 per 352)
– Compression (318 S12.3)
l db = 0.02 d b f y / f c' (psi) = 1200 d d / f c' (psi)
l d = (0.75) l db = 900 d d / f c' (psi) = 14 .23 d b
l provided / l d = 13/14.23 = 0.91
 Beam End Rotation
Exterior Interstory Connections
BCEJ1 - Drift Level 6%
Potentiometer

Potentiometer
 MOMENT-ROTATION
Exterior Inter-Story Connections
6000
3 beam bars in tension
4000
MOMENT (kip-in)

Mn= 2860
2000
4%
0
6%
-2000
Mn= 3760
-4000
4 beam bars in tension 2%
-6000
-0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06
JOINT ROTATION 24" FROM THE COLUMN FACE
 Specimen Damage
Exterior Interstory Connections

BCEJ1 - Drift Level 6% Bottom Bar Push-Out @ 6%

Compression Bar Push-Out
Exterior Inter-Story Connections

 Beam Moment Capacity

Compression Steel
 Slight Pushout Occurs
Redistribution From
Steel to Concrete
 Minor Reduction in
Beam Moment Capacity
 Note - Compression ld
Satisfied by Checking
Tension ld
 Summary Observations
Headed Bars in Beam-Column Joints
 Required Embedment Length
Kansas Study: ld = 0.60 ldh
Texas Study: ld = (0.60 - 0.70) ldh
UCLA/Clarkson Large-Scale Study: ld = 0.82 ldh
 Other Design Requirements
Flexural Strength Ratio: Mcolumn /Mbeam > 1.2
Joint Shear
Emdedded Bars Must Be Shoved To Back of Joint
 Practical Recommendation for Emdedment
ld = 0.75 ldh
 CONCLUSIONS
 Beam-Column Joint Tests
– Six Specimens (3 Exterior, 3 Roof)
– Small Cover/Need for Transverse Steel
– Push-Out of Compression Bars
 ACI Committee 352 Draft Report
– Modified to Allow Use of Headed Bars
 Research Needs - Cyclic Loading
– Cover/Transverse Reinforcement
– Multiple Layers of Reinforcement