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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Mr. Maywan Hariono
Objective Learning
To understand the physical properties of
organic compounds such as solubility,
melting point, refractive index and boiling
point of organic compounds
To understand the acid base properties of
organic compounds in order to integrate with
Henderson-Hesselbach concept.
Solubility of Organic Compounds in
Lipid and Water
Why pharmacist assistant should be able to identify the
solubility of organic compounds in several solvents???
Please think what you have learned in Basic Formulation &
Introduction to Pharmaceutics Subject.
- When you prepared Paracetamol Syrup, why you have to
dissolve the chemical in alcohol & propylenglicol firstly
before you top up with water?
When you studied about Pharmaceutical Dosage Form why
some drug can be prepared in syrup while the other ones
should be prepared in emulsion or suspension?
5% HCl Amines
R C OH + OH- R C O- + H2O
carboxylic acid
OH O-
+ OH- + H2 O
phenol
Carboxylic acids, but phenols, are also stronger
than carbonic acid (KA = 10-7) and they are
therefore soluble also in NaHCO3 solution:
O O
+ H3O+ + H2O
Melting Point
O O
C OH O O C OH O
+ HO C O C OH O + CH3 C OH
OH O C CH3
H2 H2
H3C C O C CH3
ether
phenol
OH
H2 H2 H2
H3C C C OH H3C C C OH
H
propylenglycol propanol
b.p. 188.2oC b.p. 97.1oC
Refractive index
The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a
medium is a measure of how much the speed of
light (or other waves such as sound waves) is
reduced inside the medium.
Since refractive index is a fundamental physical
property of a substance, it is often used to identify
a particular substance, confirm its purity, or
measure its concentration.
Measuring refractive index
acetone
O O
ethanol Ethyl acetate
H2
H3C C OH H3C C CH3 H3C C CH2CH3
refractometer
Density
The density of a material is defined as its
mass per unit volume
Density can be used to examine the
unknown sample qualitatively
The measurement can use PICNOMETER
O O
H2
H3C C OH H3C C CH3 H3C C CH2CH3
= 0.897 g/cm
= 0.789 g/cm = 0.79 g/cm
OPTICAL ROTATION
Optical rotation can be used to
identify chirality
OH
OH
H C OH
H C
H
N
H
H CH3
Cl