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Types of Lubrication
Hydrodynamic
Boundary
Mixed
Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Occurs when machine parts are completely separated
by a full and continuous film of lubricant
Contact between the parts does not occur.
Full-fluid-film lubrication is hydrodynamic lubrication,
the oil adheres to the moving part and is drawn into
the area between the rotating surfaces, where it forms
a pressure, or hydrodynamic, wedge.
A less common form of full-fluid-lubrication is
hydrostatic lubrication, where the oil is supplied to the
bearing area under pressure to separate the sliding
surfaces.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Boundary Lubrication
Under certain conditions such as shock loading,
heavy loads, high temperature, slow speed and
critically low viscosity, the lubricant is no longer
hydrodynamic
Frequent contact between the surfaces, resulting in
a significant rise in temperature and subsequent
destruction of the contacting surfaces.
Under these circumstances, the fluid film is no
longer capable of adequately protecting the
surfaces.
EP capabilities in the lubricant are essential
Solid additives are mixed into the grease
Mixed Lubrication
Although not a true “mode” of lubrication in the
sense of hydrodynamic or boundary, mixed
lubrication occurs more frequently then is
realized.
Mixed lubrication is a transitional mode of
lubrication between hydrodynamic and boundary
Mixed lubrication is characterized by the
likelihood of intermittent surface contact
EP and anti-wear are essential properties in the
lubricant
How is a lubricant made?
MINERAL OIL
or
SYNTHETIC FLUID?
Selecting a base fluid:
MINERAL OIL
Paraffinic or Naphthenic
Readily available
Comparatively low cost
Limited performance.
Selecting a base fluid:
SYNTHETIC FLUIDS
Mineral or Synthetic
Lighter loads
Faster speeds.
Selecting the required viscosity:
Heavier loads
Slower speeds
CHEMICAL SOLID
SOLUTIONS LUBRICANTS
Chlorine Graphite
Sulphur Molybdenum disulphide
Phosphorous (MoS2)
PTFE (Teflon)
Product enhancements
OXIDATION INHIBITORS
Longer wet life
CORROSION INHIBITORS
Improves corrosion protection.
TACKY ADDITIVES
Improves adhesion
Thickener Systems – turn fluids into greases
Improved Performance Lithium complex
-Temperature Calcium complex
Soap Aluminium complex
-Mechanical stability Thickeners
Lithium
Good multi-purpose, good mechanical stability,
limited other properties
Lithium Complex
Excellent high temp & mechanical stability
capability
Calcium Complex
Excellent load carrying and water resistance
Aluminium Complex
Excellent temperature capability & water
resistance
Other Thickener Systems
Other grease thickeners:
Bentonite clay
Silica
PTFE.
How is the grease thickness checked ?
NATIONAL
LUBRICATING
GREASE
INSTITUE of America.
NLGI Numbers - WHAT DO THEY MEAN?
NLGI No 6 BLOCK GREASE Old Technology
NLGI 5
NLGI 4
NLGI 3
NLGI 2
NLGI 1
NLGI 0
NLGI 00
NLGI 000
Summary
Base fluid
Mineral or synthetic
Viscosity
EP additives
Chemical and/or solids
Corrosion inhibitors
Oxidation inhibitors
Thickeners for greases.
BASIC FUNCTION OF A PRECISION BEARING
Outer Race
Balls or
Rollers
Shaft
Plain Bush
Lubricant
Shaft
BASIC FUNCTION OF A SLIDE
FRICTIONAL HEAT
WHY LUBRICATE?
FRICTIONAL HEAT FRICTIONAL WEAR
WHY LUBRICATE?
Introduction of a lubricant film
Any Questions?