Attitudes And Responses Of First -

hand And Second-hand Smokers

To The Implementation Of The
Smoking Ban

ESTRELLA, FRANCISCO, POTES & SECO

BSPT - 1
RATIONALE
RATIONALE
• Smoking ban safeguards the well-being of the people and ensures safety in the
environment.
• It provides hope not just to an individual, but to the whole society.
• the smoking ban was implemented by President Rodrigo Duterte to lessen such
worse case scenarios.
• However, it generated different attitudes and responses from the people. Major
problem: habit of first-hand smokers.
• Second – hand smokers complain and raise arguments.
• Coupled with poor knowledge, common sense, and background, the result is a
failure on the executive order’s part.
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study determined the attitudes and responses of first-hand and second-hand
smokers among college students of Emilio Aguinaldo College-Manila to the
implementation of the nationwide smoking ban.

Research Questions:

1. How do first-hand smokers feel about the implementation of smoking ban?

2. How do second-hand smokers feel about the implementation of smoking ban?

3. How do first-hand smokers respond to the implementation of smoking ban?

4. How do second-hand smokers respond to the implementation of smoking ban?

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. to inform people about the recent updates on how first-hand and second-hand

smokers respond

2. first-hand smokers: most beneficial to them = raise awareness

3. second-hand smokers: affected because sicknesses and death can follow

4. students: socially aware; partake to such studies like this to be able to help in the

improvements
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The data needed • Method of data • Improved attitudes
to validate the claims collection through: and responses of
are the following:
o Individual interview first-hand and
second-hand
A. Attitudes of first-
hand and second- smokers
• Analysis of data
hand smokers
through:
B. Responses of first- • Brochure
hand and second- o Thematic analysis
hand smokers
 SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Respondents:

• college students from Emilio Aguinaldo College-Manila

• sample: 3 first hand and 5 second hand = 8 respondents

• no age group and either male or female

Data Gathering Technique:

• Interview = unstructured interview and individual interview

RELATED LITERATURE
& RELATED STUDIES
 RELATED LITERATURE
• In addition to the United States, many countries (or portions of countries) around the world

have implemented smoking restrictions and bans. They include Canada, Italy, and

Scotland.

• the growing global support for reducing tobacco use and secondhand-smoke exposure is

evident from the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

(WHO, 2005).
 RELATED LITERATURE
• The health of nonsmokers after the implementation of a smoke-free policy can be affected
not only by reduced secondhand-smoke exposure but also by concurrent changes (such as
home smoking bans and decreases in smoking by people in other environments)
attributable to increased awareness in the community, increased spontaneous cessation,
and higher cessation success rates (The National Academies Press, 2010).

• On the pro side, secondhand smoke can result in adverse health consequences for some
patrons and employees.

• A ban could reduce the profits of and employment by bars and restaurants–and, in
particular, may harm small business owners.
 RELATED STUDIES
• Scientists at Minnesota’s Mayo Clinic analyzed effects of smoke-free laws that were
introduced in Olmstead 14 County, MN, over the past ten years. Most of the county’s more
than 144,000 residents receive health care from the Mayo Clinic, allowing the researchers to
obtain consent to track heart-related health outcomes.

• Similar to the study in Olmstead County, the UCSF meta-analysis showed a clear health
benefit for regions that go smoke-free.

• “All people should avoid secondhand smoke to the extent possible, and people with
coronary heart disease should have no exposure to secondhand smoke,” the authors of the
Mayo Clinic study wrote.
 RELATED STUDIES
• Cochrane review found that smoking bans have a modest effect on active smoking
(prevalence), but there was a clear trend towards the decrease of prevalence.

• another study that examines the effects of the introduction of smoking ban to individual
smoking behavior in Germany, a country with relatively high smoking rates among
industrialized countries (Tobacco Atlas, 2009).

• a study was conducted entitled “Perceptions about Cigarette Smoking and Risks among
College Students”, adolescent and adult smokers do not fully appreciate the health
consequences of smoking cigarettes (Slovic, 2001; Weinstein, 1999, 2001).
 RELATED STUDIES
• According to the study “Perceptions of the Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking by Peers: A
Study of Taiwanese, Filipino, and Thai High School Students”, youth cigarette smoking is a
major public health concern in Southeast Asia.

• A study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 said that about 21
percent of the Philippines' 100 million population are daily tobacco smokers. The Philippines
is a signatory to the WHO's Framework on Convention on Tobacco Control which bans
smoking in public areas. The Philippines has imposed stricter regulation on tobacco
consumption, imposing higher tax rates and requiring cigarette packs to display graphic
health warnings to discourage smokers (ABS-CBN News, 2016).
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
Research Design:
• phenomenological study: obtaining descriptions of the subjects’ or respondents’
lived experiences through interview
• to analyze the meaning behind these experiences for each subject, rather
than generalizing to a greater population
• used to gain insights on what are the attitudes and responses of the first-hand
and secondhand smokers

Research Subjects and Respondents:

• first-hand and second-hand smokers
• college students from De La Salle University
• 3 first-hand smokers + 5 second-hand smokers = 8 respondents (total)
• No age group
• Either male or female
METHODOLOGY
Research Environment:
• Emilio Aguinaldo College-Manila
• Ermita, Metro Manila

Research Instruments:
• Interview guide
• primary basis with questions
• used to know the respondents’ attitudes and responses to the implementation
of smoking ban
• iPad
• voice record the conducted interviews
• take down notes
• set schedules
METHODOLOGY
Data Gathering Procedures:
1. consent letter
2. interview guide, then interview using voice record and pen and paper
3. the researchers collated all the gathered data that led to the findings and
conclusion

Treatment of Data:
• Thematic Analysis (Qualitative Data Analysis Method)
• recurring patterns of themes
• to analyze qualitative information
• to systematically gain knowledge about a person, an interaction, a group, a
situation, an organization or a culture
METHODOLOGY
Sampling Procedure:
• Non-Probability Sampling
• PURPOSIVE OR JUDGMENTAL SAMPLING
• The researchers of the study chose their respondents in a way that they are sure
that these people could correspond to the objectives of the study
• They also considered selecting respondents with rich experience and interest in
the subject being studied
 ETHICAL
CONSIDERATION
 In concluding the study, ethical considerations, especially in terms of

informing and seeking permission from school administrators and participants,

were taken into account. First, written consent was secured from school

administrators of Emilio Aguinaldo College-Manila to have their students

interviewed. As to assure the participants of absolute confidentiality, each

of them were asked to sign a consent form prior to the voice-recorded

interview. Likewise, the written consent informed him/her the right to

withdraw from the study at any time.

 PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS, AND
INTERPRETATION
FIRST-HAND SMOKERS
Table 1. How Long First-Hand Smokers have been
Smoking

THEMES DEFINING ELEMENTS CO RESEARCHERS

Over and above 5 ―I’ve been smoking for 7 years Co1
years
now.
Less than 5 years ―I’ve been smoking for 4 ½ Co2
years

now.
Less than 5 years ―For 2 years. Co3
Table 2. How First-Hand Smokers Feel about the
Implementation of the Smoking Ban
THEMES DEFINING ELEMENTS CO RESEARCHERS

Approved and ―For me, smoking ban was actually a good Co1
Acknowledged idea especially for people like me who’s
trying to quit smoking.

Approved and ―Actually, I felt happy for what the Co2

Acknowledged government did about this.

Approved and ―I felt a bit relieved because I felt like I was Co3
being addicted.
Table 3. What First-Hand Smokers Did upon Knowing
about the Implementation of the Smoking Ban
THEMES DEFINING ELEMENTS CO RESEARCHERS
Effective ―As soon as the smoking ban was Co1
Implementation implemented, I tried to follow the rules
right away.

Effective ―I started vaping at that time but I still Co2

Implementation smoke two to three cigarette sticks a day
but I always knew where I should do my
Vices.

Effective ―I knew that I needed to turn on a new Co3

Implementation
Leaf.
SECOND-HAND
SMOKERS
Table 4. Situations that they are Exposed to Second-
Hand Smoke
THEMES DEFINING ELEMENTS CO RESEARCHERS
Community - Every time that I walk around General Luna and Co1
UN.
Community - All of my experiences are very random. Co2
- Sometimes I pass by smokers or sometimes while
waiting for jeepney or fx.
Home - With my family, cause my mother smokes. Co3

E.A.C - I guess when I go out and sometimes the students Co4

they don’t follow the rules.
E.A.C. Co5
- Well specifically, around the vicinity of EAC.
Sometimes I have a difficulty passing there because
they are all in the sidewalks.
Table 5. How Second-Hand Smokers Feel about the
Implementation of the Smoking Ban
THEMES DEFINING ELEMENTS CO RESEARCHERS
Approved and ―I felt happy cause I can say that the Happy
Delighted government cares for the health of the
people
Approved and ―Personally, I think it was pretty good. Happy
Delighted
Approved and ―I think the smoking ban, is one of the good Proud
Delighted projects that Duterte has
Implemented.
Approved and ―I guess I feel glad that they implemented Happy
Delighted that ban.
Approved and ―Well, actually, I felt respected as a civilian. Respected
Delighted
Table 6. What Second-Hand Smokers Did upon Knowing
about the Implementation of the Smoking Ban
THEMES DEFINING ELEMENTS CO RESEARCHERS
Research and ―first thing that I’ve checked is, if the people around Co1
Observe UN area would follow the implemented project and
if there are some supreme authorities that would
check if everyone is following it.

Nothing ―I didn’t do something necessary when I heard Co2

about the implementation ban.
Spread ―We shared the information to the people we Co3
Information know, like relatives that smokes, like my mom.

Nothing ―As a non-smoker, nothing. Co4

Research and ―I tried to search for the details of what the Co5
Observe sanctions are for the people who will violate this
new law.
 FINDINGS,
CONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
FINDINGS
• There are still first-hand smokers that smoke in public places.

• There are still civilians that experience second-hand smoke. The implementation of the

smoking ban is viewed positively both by the interviewed first-hand and second-hand

smokers. The interviewed first-hand smokers were willing to quit smoking or change

their lifestyle after the implementation of the smoking ban.

• The government was able to let the general public know about the implementation of

the smoking ban, but was not able to strictly monitor it.
CONCLUSION
• With the findings, it is concluded that first-hand and second-hand smokers view the

implementation of the smoking ban as a law that is beneficial in terms of their lifestyle

and their health. It is concluded that the interviewed first-hand smokers were able to

follow the prohibitions given in the law and urged them to either quit smoking or smoke

at designated smoking areas. Based on the data gathered, it is concluded as well that

there are still first-hand smokers who smoke around the vicinity of Emilio Aguinaldo

College-Manila as said by the interviewed second-hand smokers.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government:
Local government officials should be able to strictly monitor the area by checking/installing
CCTVs or placing people who would patrol Taft to check whether there are still people who
smoke. The government should launch programs that would help in spreading information
about the smoking ban specifically in its prohibitions and its sanctions. The use of the
internet and mainstream social media may aid to promulgate the necessary information
since most people have access these two. Local government officials should be able to put
up signs that would indicate no-smoking areas and smoking areas.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Society:

Cigarette vendors must know their place in line with the implementation of the smoking

ban.

Further researches must be conducted in line with the implementation of the smoking ban

since it is a recent executive order and to benefit citizens from it.