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Tema: PRESENT PERFECT

Docente: Mg. Magali G. Prado Coronado

Escuela Profesional Periodo académico: 2019-1

INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS E INFORMATICA Semestre:2
Unidad:3
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ORIENTACIONES

• Estimados alumnos, el presente tema viene a ser un

repaso de lo que se dio en modulos anteriores . Ahora
es reforzar lo aprendido tanto oral como escrito. Espero
pues que pongan más de su parte como, el de tener
sus audios y micrófonos para intercambiar opiniones en
clase tanto oral como escrito
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CONTENIDOS TEMÁTICOS

• PRESENT PERFECT
• PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS
• PAST PERFECT
• PAST PERFECT CONTINUOS
Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses

Have you ever seen a dragon

parade? 4
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The Chinese have been celebrating the New Year for
5,000 years. The New Year traditions have included setting
off thousands of firecrackers and painting parts of houses
bright red. Also, grown-ups have traditionally given red
envelopes of money to children and unmarried adults for good
luck. Families feast on dumplings, chicken, and fish, and
watch the dragon and lion dances. In some cities in America,
the dances have evolved into parades of dancing dragons
and lions surrounded by colorful flags, banners, lanterns and
drums to drive away the evil spirits. Have you ever seen a
dragon parade? Over the years, I have seen several over the
years in Chinatown.
5
Use the present perfect to talk about situations that
began in the past and continue up until now.

These traditions have continued for 5,000

years.
Grown-ups have always given red envelopes
of money to children.
5,000 years
ago Today

6
Use the present perfect to talk about events that
have or haven’t happened before now.

Has Julia ever seen a dragon parade?

No, Julia has never seen one.

1990 Today

no dragon parades

7
Use the present perfect to talk about an event that
has occurred repeatedly from a point in the past to
the present time.

Have you ever seen a dragon parade?

Yes, I have. I have seen many dragon
parades.
1990 Today

many dragon parades

8
PRACTICE 1 – Ask Your Partner

1. Have you ever driven a bus?

2. Have you ever played baseball?
3. Have you ever ridden a camel?
4. Have you ever broken your arm?
5. Have you ever eaten Chinese sweets?
6. Have you ever gone skydiving?
7. Have you ever won a prize?
9
 1) the Present Perfect
Tense
The Present Perfect has many uses and is very common in
English.

Generally speaking, the Present Perfect is used to connect

the past and the present; we often use this grammar for an
action that started in the past, but is still happening today.

Here is an Example . . . . .
 1) the Present Perfect
I have lived in San Diego for 10 years. Tense

Meaning = I moved to San Diego 10 years ago and I still live

here today.
The Present Perfect connects the past and the present.
 1) the Present Perfect
Another common use of the Tense
Present Perfect is . . .
To talk about recently finished actions
(often with just)
(or yet for negative forms)
Examples:
Susan has just mopped the floor, so don’t walk on it!
Or: She hasn’t mopped the floor yet.
 1) the Present Perfect
Tense
-Form-

But . . . what does “past participle” mean?

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Past participle for regular verbs:

=the same as the simple past tense.
Regular verbs require –ed in the simple past
tense. For these verbs, the past participle is
the same. What is the past participle for these
verbs?
 Past participle for
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irregular verbs:
= depends on the particular verb.

Irregular verbs do not take –ed in the simple

past. For these verbs, you must memorize the
past participle form. Do you know the past
participle for these verbs?

Note: The simple past and the past participle forms

are the same for certain verbs.
(i.e., teach, bring, have, send)
 2) The Present Perfect
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Continuous Tense
• The present perfect continuous is often
very similar in meaning to the present
perfect tense.
• Just like the Present Perfect, we can use
this grammar to talk about something that
started in the past, but is still happening.
• But the present perfect continuous focuses
more on the continuous action. The
emphasis is on the duration of the action.
 Example:
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It began raining two hours ago.

It is STILL raining now.
*It has been raining for two hours.

This is the present

perfect continuous
tense.
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Present Perfect Continuous Form:

This grammar has 3 parts:

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Negative Form:
hasn’t (=has not) been +–ing
haven’t (=have not) been +–ing

John has not been living in L.A. for very long. (or
hasn’t been living)

I have not been exercising very much recently.

(or haven’t been exercising)
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More Examples of P.P.

Continuous:
Jane started to work in her garden at 8:00 this
morning. Now it is 12:00.

She has been working in her garden for 4 hours!

Wow! That’s a long time!

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Where’s Kelly?
She’s sleeping.
She’s been sleeping for a long time.

Sam and Paul are talking in the hallway. They

have been talking
since their class ended.
 Difference in Meaning:
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UNLIKE the Present Perfect, the

Present Perfect Continuous is never
used to talk about recently finished
actions.
1)Susan has mopped the floor.
-present perfect
(recently finished)
2) Susan has been mopping the
floor for 15 minutes.
-p.p. continuous; not finished yet
 Difference in Meaning:
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The present perfect focuses more on the

result of the action while the present perfect
continuous focuses more on the action itself.

Tom and Lucy have been painting

all morning! (focus on the activity)

They have just painted the living

room. Doesn’t it look great?
(focus on the result)
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Note! In English, we don’t usually use stative (non-

action) verbs with continuous tenses.
Example:
Jean got a headache two hours ago.
She still has a headache now.

She has been having a headache for two hours.

Because “have” is a stative verb, we don’t

like to put it in continuous form; so
instead, we use present perfect:

Jean has had a headache for two hours.

 Review:
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1. The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect

Continuous can be often be used in the same
circumstance.-especially with the verbs live, work, and
study (+when we use since/for)

Example:
1) I have worked at ECC for many years.
-present perfect
2) I have been working at ECC for many years.
-present perfect continuous

-In this case, both actions started in the past

and continue up to the present time.
 Review:
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2. However, we DON’T use the Present Perfect

Continuous with stative (non-action) verbs; instead, we
prefer to use the Present Perfect.

Example:
1) I have been knowing Maria for many years.
-INCORRECT
2) I have known Maria for Many years.
-CORRECT
 Review:
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3. Present Perfect is often used for actions

that were recently completed. We often use
“just” in these cases.
-Mark has just finished his Math
homework.
*We also use the present perfect
with YET in negative sentences:
-Mark hasn’t finished his Math
homework yet.
 Review:
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4.Present Perfect
Continuous is preferred
when we want to
emphasize the duration
of an action that is
not yet finished.
-Ana has been studying
for three hours! She
should take a break!
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Review:

5. We use the present perfect continuous when we

are focusing on an activity that has been going on
and on (and is not finished yet).

However, the present perfect is preferred when the

focus is more on the result of a recently finished
action.
PRACTICE 2 –
Part II – Complete the sentence with the correct verb
form(s).

1. We ____________________(celebrate) Chinese New Year all

week!
2. I ______________(see) two dragon parades so far this week.

3. My brother _________________ (eat) a lot of candy during

New Year’s.

4. He _________________(feel) ill all day today.

5. He _________________(be) sick since this morning.
6. My mother ____________________(take care of) my brother
today. She hasn’t left his side. 31
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32
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Honey, did you Unfortunately not!

pay the bills I When I arrived at
asked you to? the bank, it had
already closed!
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We use the Past Perfect to talk about an action in the past

before another action in the past.

It is frequently used to report what someone else said or

thought.

For example:

When I arrived at the station the bus had already left.

João told me that he had traveled with his wife.
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When I arrived at the station, the bus had already left.

1: The bus left.

2: I arrived at the station.

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

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AFFIRMATIVE FORM

You
had traveled.
He She It

We You They
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NEGATIVE FORM

You
had not traveled.
He She It

We You They

had not hadn’t

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INTERROGATIVE FORM

you
Had traveled?
he she it

we you they
 According to legend, the tradition of the Chinese New Year
began long ago with a fight against a man-eating beast called
the Nian. It had been devouring villagers all over China. The
villagers had asked for the help of a great lion spirit, which
came and attacked the Nian, driving it away. The following
year, the lion spirit was protecting the Emperor's palace, so
the Nian attacked the people again just as it had been doing
for centuries. To defend themselves, the people used bamboo
and cloth to make huge, brightly colored statues of lions and
dragons to scare the Nian away. The people carried the
statues and danced around the villages with them. This was
the first dragon parade. 39
The past perfect expresses an activity that was
completed before another activity or time in the
past.

By the time we got to the park last night, the

fireworks had already finished.

Fireworks Fireworks We
began. finished. arrived.

40
The past perfect expresses an activity that was
completed before another activity or time in the
past.

Jim said that he had never seen fireworks

before in his entire life.
Jim
Jim is arrived at Fireworks
born. the park. began.

(no fireworks)
First time he
saw fireworks
41
Use the past perfect progressive to emphasize the
duration of an activity that was in progress before
another activity or time in the past.

Steven had been watching the dragon parade

for thirty minutes when he remembered he had
a lunch date.

Steven’s friends had been waiting for him

since twelve-thirty.

42
PRACTICE 3
What happened first?

1. The spectators had been watching the dragon parade for awhile
when it started to rain.
a. It started to rain.
b. The spectators watched the parade.
2. The dragon parade had already ended before the tour bus arrived
in Chinatown.
a. The tour bus arrived in Chinatown.
b. The dragon parade ended.
3. The Nian had been terrorizing the people for centuries before they
asked the great lion spirit for help.
a. The people asked the great lion spirit for help.
b. The Nian terrorized the people.
4. After the great lion spirit had driven the Nian away, the villagers
reported the good news.
a. Villagers reported the good news.
43
b. The great lion spirit drove the Nian away.
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It is similar to the Past Perfect Simple. However, the

continuous form expresses longer actions before another
action in the past.

It is also similar to the Present Perfect Continuous.

Nevertheless, instead of the time being NOW, the time is
the PAST.

For example:

• I had been waiting in the line for hours until I could finally pay my bills.
• I had been waiting for hours, when my wife arrived.
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I had been waiting for hours when my wife arrived.

1: waiting

2: the wife arrived

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

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AFFIRMATIVE FORM

You
had been waiting.
He She It

We You They
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NEGATIVE FORM

You
had not been waiting.
He She It

We You They

had not hadn’t

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INTERROGATIVE FORM

you
Had been waiting?
he she it

we you they
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And you?

Had you studied English before you started studying in

your current school?

How long had you been waiting before this class started?
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CONCLUSION

• Review your grammar

• Review the links
• Do your self-evaluation

• THANKS FOR YOUT ATTENTION!!

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THANK YOU