Ayuda 4-Ingles Vii

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Tema: PRESENT PERFECT

Docente: Mg. Magali G. Prado Coronado
Escuela Profesional Periodo académico: 2019-1B

INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL Semestre:1
Unidad:2
PRESENT PERFECT: JUST,

ALREADY, STILL, YET
GUIDELINES
 Review your guide
 Review your book
 Listen to the cd.

TEMATIC CONTENTS
 PRESENT PERFECT
 JUST
 ALREADY
 STILL
 YET
EXPECTED LEARNING
In this unit will learn to use the

adverbial of time with the present
perfect
REVIEW: ¡La universidad para todos!
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
P
E
R
F
E
C
T
The plane has landed safely.

They have graduated. Congratulations!

Federer has lost the semifinal match in Melbourne .

Nole has won the Australian Open for the second time.
Introduction
The present perfect tells us about the past
and the present.
Form
have/has + past participle
POSITIVE
• I/you/we/they have gone. OR I/you/we/they've gone.
• He/she/it has gone. OR He/she/it's gone.
NEGATIVE
• I/you/we/they haven‘t gone.
• He/she/it hasn‘t gone.
Form
INTERROGATIVE
• Have I/you/we/they gone?
• Has he/she/it gone?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I have. OR No, I haven’t.
• Yes, he has. OR No, he hasn’t.
CONTRACTIONS
• I HAVE I’VE
• YOU HAVE YOU’VE
• WE HAVE WE’VE
• THEY HAVE THEY’VE
• HE HAS HE’S
• SHE HAS SHE’S
• IT HAS IT’S
Use
When we use the present perfect, we see things as
happening in the past but having a result in the
present.
I’ve bought some
presents.
Use
We use the present perfect with today and phrases with
this, e.g. this morning, this week, this year.
We've done quite

a good job today.
Use
When we ask / talk about our experience
Have you No, I

ever been to haven’t. And
London? you?
Use
• With lately and recently meaning “in the last few
days/weeks”
Have I told
you lately that
I love you?
Use
With just to express the action finished a short time
ago
We’ve just come back from our holiday.

Use
With already meaning “sooner than expected”
I’ve already
finished my dinner.
Use
With yet in negative sentences and questions when we
expect something to happen
Sorry, Nick. I
haven’t
finished the
homework yet.
Use
We can use the present perfect with for and since.
We use for to say how long this period is (for three
days). We use since to say when the period began (since
Friday).
Me, too. I haven’t
Thanks, grabbed a bite since
darling. I Friday.
haven’t eaten
anything for
three days.
Practice
• Trevor and Laura are decorating their house. Put in the verbs.
Use the present perfect.
• Laura: How is the painting going? (►) Have you finished ? (you
/ finish)
• Trevor: No, I haven't. Painting the ceiling is really difficult, you
know. (1) ................... (I / not / do) very much. And it looks just
the same as before. This new paint (2) ............................ (not /
make) any difference.
• Laura: (3) ..................................................... (you / not / put)
enough on.
• Trevor: (4) ........................................... (I / hurt) my back. It feels
bad.
• Laura: Oh, you and your back. You mean (5)………………….
8)………………………… (I / look) for it, but I can't find it.

• Laura: You're hopeless, aren't you? How much
(9)…………………… (you / do) in here?
Nothing! (10) ............................................. (I / paint) two doors.
• Trevor: (11)………………………………………… (I /
clean) all this old paint around the window. It looks much better
now, doesn't it?
• Laura: (12)……………………………………… (we /
make) some progress, I suppose.
Now, where (13) ............................................. (that brush /go)?
Oh, (14)………………… (you / leave) it on the ladder, look.
Jack (be)……………………………….my friend for over 20 years.

We (know)……………………………each other since we were
children. Recently, he and his family
(move)……………………………..to a house on the same street as
me, and now our children play together almost every day.
For the last ten years, Jack and I (play)……………………….for

the same hockey team every Saturday. Jack is a better
player than I am, but in the last few months he
(have)……………………..some trouble with his left knee, and he
(find)…………………….it hard to play a full game. He
(see)………………………the doctor serveral times about his
knee, but the doctor doesn´t know what is causing his pain.
Jack (decide)………………… to take a break from hockey for a
while, so that his knee can recover. It´s going to be lonely
on the team without him!
1. Begin: We're late -- the game has already ______.
2. Break: Shelley can't go skiing any more. She has ______ her leg.
3. Become: In the last few years, it has ______ more and more difficult to get into
college.
4. Bring: Duncan's here, and he's ______ some sandwiches!
5. Choose: She's getting married in a week, and she hasn't ______ her dress yet.
6. Drink: It's so hot that I've ______ five cans of Coke already this afternoon.
7. Eat: You've ______ my lunch! How dare you!
8. Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January.
9. Feel: I've never ______ so good!
10. Hear: Have you ______ about the accident?
11. Lose: I've ______ my grammar book. Have you seen it?
12. Put: I found your grammar book under the table. I've ______ it away on the
bookshelf.
1. Run: Jan's out of breath because she's ______ all the way from the bus terminal.
2. Sell: Have you ______ your car yet?
3. Show: Stewart hasn't ______ up yet. He must have been delayed.
4. Sleep: I was so exhausted after the exam that I ______ for twelve hours.
5. Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle!
6. Swim: She's never ______ in the sea before.
7. Teach: Gerry has ______ English at University for many years.
8. Write: How many pages have you ______ for your homework?
THE PRESENT PERFECT WITH:

SINCE , FOR, JUST, YET, ALREADY,
STILL
SINCE: IS USED AS A POINT IN TIME AND MEANS FROM THAT POINT
TO THE TIME OF SPEAKING
SINCE 1960, SINCE

YESTERDAY.
FOR: IS USED WITH A DURATION
FOR SIX DAYS, FOR A

LONG TIME
JUST: IS USED TO EXPRESS A RECENTLY COMPLETED ACTION;

JUST MUST BE PLACED BETWEEN THE AUXILIARY AND THE MAIN
VERB.
I HAVE JUST GONE OUT.
YET: IS USED IN A NEGATIVE SENTENCE TO SHOW THAT THE

ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES IN THE PRESENT. YET
IS PLACED AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
I HAVEN´T FINISHED YET.

ALREADY: IS USED IN AN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE TO SHOW THAT

THE ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND FINISHED AT AN INDEFINITE
TIME.
I HAVE ALREADY
FINISHED.
1.He………………………..(to be) in the Army for two years.
2.She………………………(to become) more jealous since the

birth of her brother.
3.They………………………..(never /tell) the truth.
4.My teacher……………………….(always/help) me to improve

my level.
5.I………………………………………..(just receive) a new

message.
6.He………………………………(already/finish) reading the

novel.
6. The plane………………………..(not /land) yet.
7. She…………………………………(always/respect) his point of

view.
8. He………………………(just/find) a title for his new book.
9. We………………………(never/ come) late.
10. ……………………………………..(you/finish) eating yet?
11. I…………………………………….(just/see) a meteor.

1. Do not forget to phone John… I have……………phoned

him! (yet, already ever)
2. Have you seen him anywhere? I have……………..seen

him in the kitchen. (just, already, never)
3. I have…………………..been to Japan…. What about

you? (yet, never, ever)
4. Has Ann just phoned? Yes, she

has………………phoned? (ever, yet, just)
5. Why don´t you read that paper? I have…………read

it. (yet, already, just)
6. Has it stopped snowing? No, it hasn´t stopped

snowing…………………….(just, yet, already)
7. Have you………………travelled to space? Of course not

(never, already, ever)
8. Poor lady…….She has……………….had a boyfriend in

her life!! (ever, never, yet.)
9. I haven´t told my parents about my

failure……………….(ever, just, yet)
10. Would you like a sandwich? No, thanks. I

have……………….had lunch! (just, yet, ever)
IS USED FOR ASKING AND REFUSE IN PRESENT PREFERCT
Have they come yet?

No, They haven´t come yet
Has she bought the tickets yet?
No, she hasn´t bought them yet
YET: TRANSLATES IN SPANISH “YA”,
“TODAVIA”
I HAVEN´T SAID IT YET.

HAVE THEY SAID IT YET.

Palabra “still” present acierta confusión

porque en español también se traduce como
“todavia” o “aún”, pero a diferencia de yet
(para preguntar y negar) y already (para
decir que algo ha ocurrido antes de lo
esperado) “still” se utiliza para indicar que
una acción continúa.
EXAMPLES
Are you still there?
I´t´s midnight and she is still studying
Are you still working?

1. We´re going to a concert on Friday, but we haven´t

bought the tickets……………….
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
2. Peter: Can I go online now. Please?

Betty: Sorry I……………..haven´t finished using the
…..computer.
A. yet
B. still.
C. just
D. already
3. The govermment………………….hasn´t said anything about

the oil slick
A. yet
B. still.
C. just
D. already
4. Peter: Do you know anything about Sally?

Betty: Oh she´s fine. I´ve……………..spoken to her on
…..the phone
A. yet
B. still
C. just.
D. already
5. I haven't phoned Begonia ________. I'll do it when I

get back from work
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
6. Jim sends his love. I've ________ seen him in the high
street.
A. yet
B. still
C. just.
D. already
7. Monica says she's ________ this minute caught the

train so she'll be here in half an hour
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
8. Have you seen the movie Bowling for Columbine…………….?
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
9. I can't decide. I _____ haven't made a decision.
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
10. Betty: Have you cleaned the bathroom yet?

Billy: I've _________ done it. I did it an hour ago.
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
11. We can't have chips again. We've ________ had them

three times this week.
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
12. Daphne ________ hasn't bought the tickets. I hope

she does it soon.
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
The Present Simple Passive

STRUCTURE
Active:
Everybody likes the film “Pirates of the Caribbean”.
Subject Object
Passive.
▪ When we make an active sentence passive,
the object becomes subject.
The film “Pirates of the Caribbean”. is liked by everybody.
Subject
Object
Present Passive
We make an active sentence passive when we want to
put information at the beginning of the sentence
because it is more important.
A lot of money is spent in Peru by tourists

Pets are loved by everybody.
Million of chocolate bars are

eaten every day
A lot of coffee is produced in Brazil

Pisco isn’t produced in Bolivia.
Computers aren’t used by

babies
Pho isn’t eaten in Peru.
Diamonds aren’t found everywhere.

Why are cows raised?

Cows are raised for food
and clothing
Why is aspirin taken?

Aspirin is taken for headaches.
Where are grapes grown?

Grapes are grown in Ica .
How is mayonnaise made ?

Mayonnaise is made from oil
and eggs.
PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST

CONTENTS
PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE

WAS / WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST PASSIVE VOICE
PAST SIMPLE THE PAST

OF THE VERB PARTICIPLE
BE OF A VERB
WAS ALLOWED
WAS EATEN
WERE SPOKEN
Now, practice with the past tense!

• Remember:
–The auxiliary verb for the passive voice changes from

– is/are to was/were.
Form
Passive Voice = Be + Past Participle + (by + Object)
Subject Be (not) Past Participle (by + Object)
Star Video was burglarized.
The videos were not stolen.

USES
» EXAMPLE:
» Dogs WERE not allowed
» .Banks WERE closed at 6.
» Dinner WAS served at 7 in this hotel .
FORMAL
ARRANGEMENTS AND
RULES
PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST

• Vemos lo mismo que en el Passive voice en presente solo que en este
caso , el Verbo to be, esta en pasado de igual manera seguido del verbo
en Pasado participio.
• Examples :
• Cristobal colón discovered América.

Subject Verb Comp
Passive Voice
América was discovered by Cristobal colón.
( América fue descubierta por Cristobal colón )
• My brother wrote some letters ( Mi hermano escribió algunas cartas)

Passive Voice
Some letters were written by my brother.
( Algunas cartas fueron escritas por mi hermano )
Recuerde que dependiendo de la oración si esta en Plural, utilizo were.

EXAMPLES
THE FIRST FLIGHT WAS MADE

BY THE WRIGHT BROTHERS
Percy Spencer discovered microwave cooking in

1945.
•Passive
Microwave cooking was discovered (by Percy Spencer)
in 1945.
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and

phonograph.
• Passive
The light bulb and phonograph were invented by
Thomas Edison.
They discovered the world’s largest diamond in

1905.
• Passive
The world’s largest diamond was discovered in
1905.
Someone created CDs in 1982.
•Passive
CDs were created (by someone) in 1982?
Exercise 1: Choose Active or Passive

Put “A” for Active, “P” for Passive:
1. The boy banged on the table. [ ]
2. A girl was bitten by a dog. [ ]
3. Mrs Wong washes her car every Sunday. [ ]
4. The library was broken into last night. [ ]
5. I lost my dictionary. [ ]
6. The floor is swept by the maid. [ ]
EXERCISES
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

She sang a song. - A song was sung by her.
1.-Somebody hit me. -
2.-We stopped the bus. -
3.-A thief stole my car. -
4.- They didn't let him go. -
5.-She didn't win the prize. -
6.-They didn't make their beds. -
7.-I did not tell them. -
8.-Did you tell them? -
9.-Did he send the letter? -
Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in
brackets. Use the Past Simple.
•a. My car ______________________ (repair) last week.

•b. This song ________________________ (not write) by John Lennon.
•c. ________________________________ (the phone/answer) by a
young girl?
•d. The film ________________________ (make) ten years ago.
•e. When ______________________________ (tennis/invent)?
•f. The car ________________________ (not damaged) in the accident.
•g. The original building _________________________ (pull) down in
1965.
•h. Where ______________________________ (this pot/make)?
•i. When _______________________________ (this bridge/build)?
Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

•FIAT
•Fiat 0 was started (started/was started) by a group of Italian
businessmen in 1899. In 1903, Fiat, 1_________________
(produced/was produced) 132 cars. Some of these cars
2_____________________ (exported/were exported) by the company
to the United States and Britain. In 1920, Fiat 3_________________
(started/was started) making cars at a new factory at Lingotto, near
Turin. There was a track on the roof where the cars
4____________________ (tested/were tested) by technicians. In 1936,
Fiat launched the Fiat 500. This car 5____________________
(called/was called) the Topolino – the Italian name for Mickey Mouse.
The company grew, and in 1963 Fiat 6_____________________
(exported/was exported) more than 300,000 vehicles. Today, Fiat is
based in Turin, and its cars 7_________________ (sold/are sold) all
over the world.
CONCLUSIONS
Dear students:
Review all your grammar, do your self-evaluation, and
make your activity on time.
THANKS A LOT!
THANK YOU

Ayuda 4-Ingles Vii

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¡La universidad para todos!

¡La Universidad para todos!

Tema: PRESENT PERFECT

Escuela Profesional Periodo académico: 2019-1B

PRESENT PERFECT: JUST,

 Review your guide

 Review your book

 Listen to the cd.

In this unit will learn to use the

The plane has landed safely.

They have graduated. Congratulations!

Federer has lost the semifinal match in Melbourne .

We've done quite

Have you No, I

We’ve just come back from our holiday.

8)………………………… (I / look) for it, but I can't find it.

Jack (be)……………………………….my friend for over 20 years.

For the last ten years, Jack and I (play)……………………….for

4. Bring: Duncan's here, and he's ______ some sandwiches!

7. Eat: You've ______ my lunch! How dare you!

8. Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January.

9. Feel: I've never ______ so good!

10. Hear: Have you ______ about the accident?

2. Sell: Have you ______ your car yet?

3. Show: Stewart hasn't ______ up yet. He must have been delayed.

5. Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle!

6. Swim: She's never ______ in the sea before.

7. Teach: Gerry has ______ English at University for many years.

THE PRESENT PERFECT WITH:

SINCE 1960, SINCE

FOR: IS USED WITH A DURATION

FOR SIX DAYS, FOR A

JUST: IS USED TO EXPRESS A RECENTLY COMPLETED ACTION;

I HAVE JUST GONE OUT.

YET: IS USED IN A NEGATIVE SENTENCE TO SHOW THAT THE

I HAVEN´T FINISHED YET.

ALREADY: IS USED IN AN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE TO SHOW THAT

1.He………………………..(to be) in the Army for two years.

2.She………………………(to become) more jealous since the

3.They………………………..(never /tell) the truth.

4.My teacher……………………….(always/help) me to improve

5.I………………………………………..(just receive) a new

6.He………………………………(already/finish) reading the

6. The plane………………………..(not /land) yet.

7. She…………………………………(always/respect) his point of

8. He………………………(just/find) a title for his new book.

9. We………………………(never/ come) late.

10. ……………………………………..(you/finish) eating yet?

11. I…………………………………….(just/see) a meteor.

1. Do not forget to phone John… I have……………phoned

2. Have you seen him anywhere? I have……………..seen

3. I have…………………..been to Japan…. What about

4. Has Ann just phoned? Yes, she

5. Why don´t you read that paper? I have…………read

6. Has it stopped snowing? No, it hasn´t stopped

7. Have you………………travelled to space? Of course not

8. Poor lady…….She has……………….had a boyfriend in

9. I haven´t told my parents about my

10. Would you like a sandwich? No, thanks. I

IS USED FOR ASKING AND REFUSE IN PRESENT PREFERCT

Have they come yet?

I HAVEN´T SAID IT YET.

HAVE THEY SAID IT YET.

Palabra “still” present acierta confusión