General Education

GENERAL
EDUCATION
(ENGLISH)
ROSSEL A. ABANAG, LPT

PARTS OF SPEECH
 NOUN
- It comes from the Latin nomen, meaning
name. It has been commonly defined as
“names of persons, places, or things.”
Examples:
teacher Philippines
bicycle Marawi City
building earthquake
CATEGORIES OF NOUN
PROPER NOUNS
- These are specific names and are usually
capitalized.
Examples: Rodrigo Duterte
University of the Philippines
Northern Samar
October
Carl Balita Review Center
CATEGORIES OF NOUN
COMMON NOUNS
- These are nouns referring to a person,
place, or thing in general sense. It can
only be capitalized if it begins in a
sentence.
Examples: teacher country
school book
month hotel
CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON
NOUNS
 COLLECTIVE NOUN
- It denotes a group of multitude. It is
singular in form but plural in meaning.
Examples: flock, family, committee
 CONCRETE NOUN
- It names anything that you can perceive
through your physical senses.
Examples: chair, floor, ceiling fan
CLASSIFICATION OF
COMMON NOUNS
 ABSTRACT NOUN
-It is a noun that you can not perceive
through your physical senses. It denotes an
idea, quality, or state rather than a concrete
object.
Examples: love
freedom
justice
jealousy
CLASSIFICATION OF
COMMON NOUNS
 COUNT NOUN
- It names anything that can be counted.
Examples: finger, pencil, laptop
 MASS NOUN
- It names something that cannot be
counted. It always takes a singular verb in
a sentence.
Examples: electricity, milk, juice
COMPOUND NOUNS
 It is made up of two or more words. It
may be in the following forms: closed
form, hyphenated form, or open form.
a. CLOSED FORM
- These are two or more words
combined in order to form a single
word.
Examples: secondhand, facebook, baseball
COMPOUND NOUNS
b. HYPHENATED FORM
- A hyphen is placed between two or
more words.
Examples: son-in-law, sergeant-at-arms
c. OPEN FORM
- Two or more words are written
separately and are considered a single
noun.
Examples: post office, student teacher
REGULAR NOUNS
-This type of noun adds –s or –es to form
its plural form.
Examples:
girl-girls mass-masses
student-students dish-dishes
lesson-lessons church-churches
field- fields box-boxes
key-keys bus-buses
IRREGULAR NOUNS
-This type of noun changes its spelling
when it is in the plural form.
Examples:
child-children ox-oxen
mouse-mice datum-data
man-men basis-bases
tooth-teeth alumnus-alumni
foot-feet bacterium-bacteria
PRONOUN
- These are used as substitutes for noun.
- A pronoun is traditionally defined as a
word that replaces a noun.
- There are times, too, when the pronoun
cannot be said to replace a noun but
simply refers to the speaker/writer or
hearer/reader.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PRONOUN
 PERSONAL PRONOUN
- It may refer to the person speaking, the
person being spoken to, or the person,
place, thing spoken about.
PERSONAL PRONOUN
Subjective Objective Possessive
Singular 1st Person I me my/mine

2nd Person you you your/yours
3rd Person, he him his

Masculine
she her her/hers
Feminine
it it its
Neuter
PERSONAL PRONOUN
Subjective Objective Possessive
Plural 1st Person we us our/ours
2nd Person you you your/yours
3rd Person they them their/theirs

INDEFINITE PRONOUN
ALWAYS ALWAYS SINGULAR OR
SINGULAR PLURAL PLURAL
each, every, either, both none

neither, another
one many some
thing several most
body few any

VERBS
- These are action words. They tell you
what a noun or a pronoun does.
REGULAR VERBS
- Verbs form its past and past participle by
adding “–d” or “–ed” on the root word.
Examples: admire admired admired
kick kicked kicked
rescue rescued rescued
VERBS
IRREGULAR VERBS
- Verbs change its spelling to make it in
the past and past participle form.
Examples: wave wove woven
ride rode ridden
- Some irregular verbs don’t change its
form or spelling.
Examples: read, put, set
VERBS
TRANSITIVE VERBS
- A transitive verb is a verb that can take a
direct object.
Examples:
1. Kathleen bought a sweater.
2. Peter invited Paul to the mall.
3. The tabulators handed us the result.
4. When Adrian Manglapuz was a student
at Ateneo, he delivered an oration that
impressed President Manuel L. Quezon.
VERBS
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
- An intransitive verb does not have an
object to receive the action.
Examples:
1. Jane studies in the morning.
2. Wilbert worked late.
3. The sun sets.
ADVERBS
A word or phrase that modifies or
qualifies an adjective, verb, or another
adverb, expressing a relation of place,
time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree,
etc.
Examples: gently there
accidentally seldom
sometimes upstairs
quickly recently
Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
far farther farthest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
slow slower slowest

ADJECTIVES
 It modifies or qualifies a noun or a
pronoun.
 It answers any of the questions:
- What kind?
- How many?
- How much?
- Which one?
Examples: bitter, anxious, cold, intelligent
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
1. Quantity or number
2. Quality or opinion
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Color
7. Proper adjective ( nationality,
place of origin, material )
8. Purpose or qualifier
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
cute cuter cutest
happy happier happiest
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
difficult more difficult most difficult
poor poorer poorest

CONJUNCTIONS
 They are words used to connect or join
other words or group of words.
Examples:
since for until
yet but however
because and so
KINDS OF CONJUNCTIONS
1. COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
- It connects similar kinds of words or
similar group of words.
F for
A and
N nor
B but
O or
Y yet
S so
2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
- It connects similar words or group of
words. However, they always appear in
pairs.
Examples:
both… and whether… or
either… or neither… nor
not only… but also
3. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
- It connects two complete ideas by making
one of the ideas subordinate to the other.
- It connects subordinate clause to a main
clause.
as long as as soon as in as much
since before why
because often until

PREPOSITIONS
 They are words that show or clarify the
relationship of a noun or pronoun to
some other words in a sentence.
Different prepositions can affect the
entire meaning of a sentence by changing
the way the words relate to each other.
KINDS OF PREPOSITIONS
at specific time
on days and dates
in non-specific time
for to measure time
since specific date or time

KINDS OF PREPOSITIONS
AT Specific address
Specific names of
ON streets, avenues
Names of cities,
IN provinces, countries,
continents
INTERJECTIONS
 It is a short utterance that usually
expresses emotion and is capable of
standing alone.
 In writing, an interjection is typically
followed by an exclamation point.
Examples:
Aha! Goodness! Hey! Bang!
Ouch! Welcome! Tsk! Oh!
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
1. Singular subjects need singular verbs and
plural subjects need plural verbs.
Examples:
1. My brother is a nurse.
2. The man was alone when I saw him.
3. The children are doing the activity.
2. When the word who, which, or that is
used as a subject in a subordinate clause,
we use either the singular or plural form
of the verb depending on the number of
antecedent.
Example:
1. She is the only one among the applicants
who has qualified for the said position.
3. If the noun is in plural form but is
singular in meaning, use the singular form
of the verb. (Nouns that show weight,
extent, quantity, depth or volume).
Examples:
1. Twenty kilos of beef was delivered.
2. Two liters of water was given to me in
the competition.
4. If the subject is in third person and the
verb to be used is in present tense, add an
–s or –es to the verb.
Examples:
1. The cat catches the mouse.
2. The car runs on gasoline.
5. The indefinite pronoun none can be either
singular or plural. It doesn’t matter unless
there are determinants of number.
Examples:
1. None of you claims responsibility for the
event.
2. None of you claim responsibility for the
event.
3. None of the students have done their
homework.
6. Indefinite pronouns such as anyone,
everyone, someone, no one, nobody and
each are always singular and require
singular verbs.
Examples:
1. Everyone is invited to the event.
2. Nobody said it was easy.
3. Each of the students was given a topic
to discuss. (Note: The subject is each, not
students.)
7. The words all and some are singular or
plural depending on what they’re referring
to (Can it be counted?).
Examples:
1. Some of his teeth are missing.
2. All of the water is gone.
8. The pronouns neither and either are
always singular and we use the singular
form of the verb even though they seem
to be referring to two things.
Examples:
1. Neither of the clocks is working.
2. Either suit is fine with me.
9. If the words or, nor, neither-nor, either-or,
not only-but also are used, the verb that
we use must agree with nearer subject.
Examples:
1. Either the slaves or the master is going
to prison.
2. Neither the president nor his
subordinates are eating in the hotel
tonight.
10. Words such as glasses, pliers, pants, and
scissors are regarded as plural unless the
word pair precedes them.
Examples:
1. My pants are torn.
2. A pair of scissors is in the drawer.
11. There are instances when modifiers get
in between the subject and its verb, these
modifiers does not affect the agreement
between the subject and the verb.
Examples:
1. The mayor, along with his brothers, is
finally going to jail.
2. Coy and Jonas, along with Mon, are
studying for the exam.
12. Collective nouns require a singular verb
when the group is thought of as a unit,
but it requires a plural verb when the
individuals composing the group are
thought of acting as separately.
Examples:
1. The committee was discussing the
business proposal.
2. The members of the committee have
placed their votes.
13. The pronoun “you”, requires a plural

verb regardless of number.
Examples:
1.You are the best.
2. All of you are exempted from taking the
finals.
14. If the words Both-And join the parts of
a compound subject, the verb required is
plural.
Examples:
1. Both the book and magazine are inside
the drawer.
2. Both the pen and the pencil are on my
desk.
15. Expressions such as half of, a part of, a
percentage of, a majority of are
sometimes singular and sometimes plural,
depending on the meaning. Mathematical
operations are always expressed as
singular and require singular verbs.
 Fractions take a singular verb if the OF-
PHRASE that follows it is singular!
Examples:
1. Some of my classmates are angry.
2. Two times three is six.
3. One fifth of the class is taking the finals.
4. One third of the troops were missing in
action.
16. The phrase the number requires a
singular verb and the phrase a number
requires a plural verb.
Examples:
1. The number of students who failed is
thirty.
2. A number of students have passed the
test.
17. To indicate possession (who owns) of a
singular noun, we add an (’s).
 To indicate possession of a plural noun
but ending in –s, we add an (’) only.
Examples:
1. This is John’s money.
2. These are the dogs’ collars.
Points to Remember:
 Make sure that he subject agrees with
the verb. Don’t be distracted with the
words in between them.
 Only the subject will agree with the verb.
 Be sure that a pronoun, a participial
phrase, or an appositive refers clearly to
the proper subject.
1. Neither the sisters nor the brother
will bring ______ children.
a. her
b. his
c. their
d. your
2. _______ can we turn to in a time
of crisis?
a. Who
b. Whose
c. Whom
d. Whoever
3. They ______ the paintings for 6
months now.
a. exhibited
b. have exhibited
c. had exhibited
d. will have exhibited
4. He talked to his secretary as if she
____ an idiot.
a. is
b. was
c. were
d. would be
5. In the Philippines, an increasing
number of commuters _______
immune from the perils of city life.
a. that believe their families are

b. believes their families are
c. who believe their families to be
d. believe their families to be
6. I admire the great explorers who
crossed the vast ______ of the
seven seas in small ships.
a. expanse
b. expansive
c. expansion
d. expansiveness
7. What is true of the following example?
“My goal, to be independently wealthy
by the age of fifty, is looking increasingly
unrealistic.”
a. It contains a gerund phrase

b. It contains a participial phrase
c. It contains an absolute phrase
d. It contains an appositive phrase
Demonstrative Pronoun
a. Near – this (singular), these (plural). Use
these demonstratives to indicate that the noun
is nearer you than your hearer, or more
recently mentioned in the text.
b. Far– that (singular), those (plural). Use these

demonstratives to indicate that the noun is not
near you – it may be nearer your hearer, or far
from both of you – or not recently mentioned
in the text.
8. Cory Aquino’s paintings should be
hung on ______ wall not far from
here.
a. that
b. this
c. those
d. these
9. What word is not properly used in
the following sentences?
a. There were confusions on admission.

b. There were commissions on the
fare.
c. There was confusion on directions.
d. There was confusion in the plane.
10. They _____ probably____ their
errands in an hour.
a. have completed
b. were completing
c. will complete
d. will have completed
11. The bells have ____ steadily for
thirty minutes now.
a. ring
b. rang
c. rings
d. rung
12. The tabulator _____ the final
result to the emcee.
a. hand over
b. hand down
c. hand on
d. hand in
13. Which of the following does not
have a linking verb?
a. Winning the election appears

unlikely at this point.
b. The transferee is quite eloquent.
c. The book becomes quite popular.
d. She is working hard for her family.
Passive Voice
In transforming sentence into the passive form,
the noun phrase functioning as object of the
verb becomes the subject, and the noun phrase
functioning as subject of the verb-and denoting
the actor-becomes part of the adverbial phrase
of the form “by + noun phrase” which may be
deleted.
Example: The secretary recorded the meeting
(active) vs. The meeting was recorded by the
secretary (passive).
Passive Voice
Ditransitive verbs (those which take a direct
object and an indirect object) may also be
transformed into the passive form with the
indirect object as subject of the sentence. These
verbs are those which take a to or for
complement.
Example: His mother gave him a gift (active). vs. A

gift was given to him by his mother (passive) or
(He was given a gift by his mother (passive).
14. Which of these is a passive
sentence?
a. Mike introduced the new manager.
b. The senior class will collect money
for the field trip.
c. The butler slowly opened the
door.
d. His bizarre behavior was ridiculed.
15. The verb phrases in the lines below are
unusual in that _______.
“In the cathedral larches the ground-pine
crept him, the thrush sung him, the robin
complained him, the cat-bird mewed
him, the anemone vibrated him, the wild
apple bloomed him… I beheld the river,
like God’s love, journeying out of the
gray past on into the green future.”
a. what are normally intransitive verbs
here have objects
b. what are typically passive verbs are
here used in the active voice
c. what are usually strong verbs are here
regularized in the past tense
d. the future tense is used to describe
actions in the past
16. Which of the following contains an
ambiguous reference?
a. The dog that I bought yesterday bit me

today.
b. No one will be expecting you to cook
for the party.
c. The writer gives the reader the feeling
that he is important.
d. None of the above
17. “I’ll see you soon,” she said. But we
didn’t see each other for a long time. She
said _________.
a. she will see me soon

b. she would see me soon
c. I would see her soon
d. she sees me soon
18. Scientists predict that the next volcano
to erupt in the Philippines will have ____
impact; it will cause dramatic
environmental changes in the immediate
area while creating lasting climate changes
in far-flung regions.
a. financial c. meaningless
b. focused d. widespread
19. These patients are facing ____
death.
a. Eminent
b. eminency
c. imminent
d. eminence
Order of Adjectives
D O S S C A C O N
E P I H O G O R O
T I Z A N E L I U
E
N E P D O G N
R
M I E I R I
I O T N
N N I
E O
R N
20. Which of the following phrases is
properly sequenced?
a. two sweet red big Canadian apples

b. big red sweet Canadian two apples
c. Canadian two big red sweet apples
d. two sweet big red Canadian apples
21. Which of the following is NOT
negatively phrased?
a. She lives in a barely furnished room.

b. He could scarcely control his voice
c. Neither of them dances well.
d. The mountain climbers were stranded
in the forest.
22. Lumber or boards, which are cut
from logs, are used for making
buildings and furniture. The sentence
has conjoined ___________.
a. indirect object
b. objective complement
c. direct object
d. object of the preposition
23. A new computer system cannot be
____ without first running extensive
tests to ___ the effectiveness and
accuracy of the system.
a. installed …. compensate
b. compromised…. ensure
c. designed… undermine
d. implemented … evaluate
24. What “while” expresses a contrast?
a. The phone rang while I was doing the

dishes.
b. While the book will be welcomed by
scholars, it will make an immediate
appeal to the general reader.
c. While respected, he is not liked.
d. While there is life, there is hope.
25. Whenever the mood strikes her,
Angela takes a short walk around the
block. In the sentence above, the
underlined portion can best be
described as ______.
a. an adjective clause
b. a relative clause
c. a subordinate clause
d. an independent clause
26. One of the following is not a
content word. Which word is it?
a. live
b. decisive
c. interest
d. we
27. It is difficult to _____ how these
changes will affect ordinary citizens.
a. imply
b. mention
c. infer
d. doubt
28. “If John ____ here, he could see
Marsha.” Which verb form correctly
completes this conditional sentence?
a. is
b. was
c. were
d. had been
29. The editor claimed that great
effort was being expended to check
each fact, lest the book be ___
because of ____ details.
a. commended… inappropriate
b. disparaged… indisputable
c. revived… unforgettable
d. challenged… inaccurate
30. If you learn to swim, you ____ on
this trip. The appropriate verb phrase
to complete the sentence is ____.
a. would go
b. will go
c. will be going
d. would have gone
31. Which of the following has an
error in subject verb-agreement?
a. The red clown together with the blue

and yellow clowns looks pathetic.
b. Sam is the only one of the trainees
who has applied.
c. Neither pins nor tape was holding
the pieces.
d. Ten thousand pesos is very hard to
earn nowadays.
32. Elsa is fast, ____ in her track and
field batch on the National Team.
a. if not faster than anyone

b. if not faster than anyone else
c. if not more faster than anyone else
d. if not as faster as anyone
33. Every teacher, parent and student
in the audience ____ every intention
of exploring this issue.
a. have
b. has
c. does have
d. do have
34. Which of the following uses either
as adjective?
a. It won’t make much difference

either way.
b. I refuse to meet either of them.
c. Either there’s a problem or there
isn’t.
d. I don’t want to go either.
35. The politician is benefiting from
behavioral ____ to utilize and new
broadcasting methods to experiment with.
a. research, there are new techniques for

them
b. research; there are new techniques for
them
c. research; he has new techniques
d. research, there are new techniques for him
e. research; they have new techniques
36. _______ a present to the party.
a. Except for you and I, everyone brought

b. With exception of you and I, everyone
brought
c. Except for you and I, everyone had
brought
d. Except for you and me, everyone
brought
e. Except for you and me, everyone had
brought
37. The movie ends with two scenes
____ clue of the real cause of the
main character’s failure to amass
great wealth.
a. that contain
b. that contains
c. that is containing
d. that are containing
38. Which of the following is correct?
a. He delivered the lecture this morning

excellently at the conference.
b. He delivered the lecture at the
conference room this morning excellently.
c. He delivered the lecture excellently this
morning at the conference room.
d. He delivered the lecture excellently at
the conference this morning.
39. The conflict between the two
political groups that arose during the
meeting was not ____; these groups
have often ____ each other on key
issues.
a. surprising… supported
b. unusual… copied
c. unique… opposed
d. expected… encountered
40. If you had come with us last night,
you _____ the dance.
a. would enjoy
b. will enjoy
c. will have enjoyed
d. would have enjoyed
41. When the war is over, no nation
will _____.
a. either be isolated in war or peace

b. be either isolated in war or peace
c. be isolated in neither war nor
peace
d. be isolated in either war or peace
42. Together, Angela and Ed built the
park’s new castle, a ____ effort to
give city kids a place to play and
imagine.
a. stratified
b. cooperative
c. disregarded
d. conclusive
43. Which sentence is incorrect?
a.Yesterday I left my jacket in my locker;

now I am freezing on my way to school.
b. We drove a sports car last year, but
now we drive a sports utility vehicle.
c. We will go to the baseball game
tomorrow, but yesterday we went to the
hockey game.
d.Yesterday we had walked to school but
later rode the bus home.
44. Ms. Cervantes is one of the Rotarians
_____.
a. who supports total banning of mining

b. who support total banning of mining
c. who supported total banning of
mining
d. who will have supported total
banning of mining
45. As good Samaritan we should not
_____ people with disabilities.
a. look forward to
b. look up to
c. look down to
d. look down on
46. Which of the following words is
prescriptively correct in the blank
within the sentence: “He ____ in bed
all day yesterday because he had the
flu.”
a. lay c. laid
b. lie d. lain
47. Did Bennett ____ his mom who
worked in Canada postcard?
a. send
b. sends
c. sent
d. have sent
48. A lifeguard does ____ Philip.
a. warn
b. warns
c. warned
d. warning
49. Million of _____ came to America
from Europe in the 19th century.
a. immigrants
b. non-immigrants
c. emigrants
d. out-migrants
50. The transferee speaks more
fluently than ______.
a. me
b. I
c. mine
d. my
51. The effects of this event have been
____ the conflagration forced most
people to ____ their homes in the
middle of the night.
a. gratifying… celebrate in
b. significant… leave
c. devastating… desert
d. negative… fortify
52. Which of the following is an appropriate
indirect statement for this direct
statement? “I haven’t told my parents yet,”
Jericho said.
a. Jericho said that I haven’t told my parents yet.

b. Jericho said that he hadn’t told his parents yet.
c. Jericho said that he hasn’t told his parents yet.
d. Jericho said that he did not tell his parents yet.
53. Which of the following is the most
appropriate yes-no question for this sentence?
“It is not proper to jump into conclusions
without first verifying the facts.”
a. Is it proper to jump into conclusions without

first verifying the facts?
b. Isn’t it proper to jump into conclusions
without first verifying the facts?
c. Isn’t it not proper to jump into conclusions
d. Is it be proper to jump into conclusions
COMMON GRAMMAR ERRORS
1. Run-on Sentence
 A run-on sentence is a sentence where two
or more independent clauses are joined
without proper conjunctions or punctuations.
Wrong: My duty was very tiring I extended

until 4 am.
Correct: My duty was very tiring. I extended
until 4 am.
2. Fragmented Sentences
 A sentence fragment is simply a phrase with
incomplete thought.
Wrong: Many people standing dangerously

close to the edge of the cliff.
Correct: Many people were standing
dangerously close to the edge of
the cliff.
3. Dangling modifiers
 A dangling modifier occurs when a noun
being modified is not placed next to its
modifier.
Wrong: Having climbed Mt. Kanlaon, Mt.

Banahaw is more scenic.
Correct: Having climbed Mt. Kanlaon, I find
Mt. Banahaw more scenic.
4. Lack of Parallelism
 Words or phrases in a series should be
similar in form.
Wrong: We practiced reloading,

disarming and how to shoot.
Correct: We practiced reloading,
disarming and shooting.
54. What type of error is shown in
this sentence? “Faster than a
speeding bullet, the citizens of
Metropolis saw Superman flying
overhead.”
a. Faulty Coordination
b. Misplaced Modifier
c. Faulty Parallelism
d. Comma Splice
55. Which of the sentences demonstrates effective
parallelism?
a. Popular exercises for men and women include

aerobic dancing, weight lifters, and jogging.
b. I look forward to hearing from you and to have
an opportunity to tell you more about myself.
c. Computerization has helped industry by not
allowing labor costs to skyrocket, increasing the
speed of production.
d. Baby food consumption, toy production, and
marijuana use are likely to decline as the Philippine
population grows older.
56. Which of the sentences would be a
good revision of sentence A?
a. She saw the house she built in her mind.

b. In her mind, she saw the house she built.
c. The house she saw she built in her mind.
d. In her mind, she built the house she saw.
57. Today, the word “emigrant” refers
to a person who leaves his own
country to settle in another country,
____ the word “immigrant” refers to
a person who enters and settles in a
new country.
a. whereas c. though
b. although d. however
58. Which does NOT observe a consistent
point of view?
a. The farmers have now realized what the

government is trying to do to help them.
b. I am usually patient and tolerant with
obnoxious people but a person has his limits.
c. Once she has agreed to do a job, she should
make every effort to really do it.
d. The government in its desire to uplift the
welfare of its people implements various
developmental programs.
59. Which does NOT observe economy in
expression?
a. Two hundred students joined the rally.

b. Last week we had occasion to be the
witness of a very interesting incident.
c. The private sector is now cooperating
with the government.
d. If I had much money, I would travel the
rest of my life.
60. Which does not show variation
from normal word order?
a. For me there is no excuse.

b. Slowly the men came out of their
hiding places .
c. She dances gracefully.
d. One of the paintings he gave to his
sister.
61. Which sentence is NOT
redundant?
a. I read the biography of the life of

President Ramon Magsaysay.
b. A huge black bird circled high up in the
air above the poultry farm.
c. May I inform you that my subscription
has not yet arrived.
d. The birds flying in the sky made a
V-formation.
62. Which of the following demonstrates a
complex sentence?
a. Creativity involves looking at things in a

new way; in addition, it means trying them.
b. Each of us is creative, and in fact, we are
creative more often than we realize.
c. Unless people try new things, they will
never develop new ideas.
d. In creating, the only hard thing is to begin.
63. This paragraph is BEST described
as which type of writing?
a. persuasive
b. descriptive
c. technical
d. expository
64. Which of the following would NOT be
an effective thesis in a persuasive essay?
a. The United States has no right to intervene

in the internal affairs of other nations.
b.Year-round schooling is an ill-conceived and
simplistic solution to a complicated problem.
c. Seventy-five percent of surveyed voters feel
the president is doing an adequate job.
d. Thoreau was right when he said, “The mass
of men lead lives of quiet desperation.”
65. Which of these must NOT be
included in a citation for a magazine
article?
a. volume and page numbers

b. title of article
c. date of publication
d. place of publication
Topic Sentence
A topic sentence presents the main

idea of a paragraph. Placing a topic
sentence at the beginning, followed by
supporting sentences, is effective when
you want your readers to understand
your paragraph’s unifying idea
immediately.
66. Which of the following is not a good
topic sentence?
a. Doing housework can be very boring.

b. Browsing in a library is an exciting
experience.
c. My trip to the botanical garden taught me a
lot.
d. The Education week is held every first week
of December.
67. What organizational pattern is
used in the following paragraph?
a. chronology
b. classification
c. comparison and contrast
d. cause and effect
68. What organizational pattern is
used in the following paragraph?
a. chronology
b. classification
c. comparison and contrast
d. cause and effect
69. If a child can spell and write his name
at home but fails to do so in front of the
teacher, he _____.
a. is displaying both spelling competence and

performance
b. has spelling competence but does not
display spelling performance
c. cannot actually spell
d. is showing spelling performance but not
competence
70. Which of the following is NOT a
phrase of writing development?
a. Picture writing
b. Scribble writing
c. Conventional writing
d. Persuasive writing
71. Which of the following are key
components of brainstorming?
I. Organizing ideas
II. Generating questions to be researched
III. Listing examples associated with a given topic
IV. Evaluating information
a. I and II only c. I,II,III, and IV

b. II and III only d. I,II,III, and IV
TERM DEFINITION
Phonology sound
Morphology word-formation
Semantics word-meaning
Syntax sentence structure
Pragmatics the use of words/language

in a particular context
72. In English, you can tell whether a
word is being used as a noun or a
verb based on its placement in a
sentence relative to other word. This
is a ______.
a. Syntax c. morphology
b. Semantics d. phonemes
73. Which of the following words have
acquired new definitions due to
technological advances and developments
in the 20th century?
I. Mouse II. Surfing III. Cookie IV. Desktop
a. I and III only c. I,II and III only

b. II and IV only d. I,II,III, and IV
74. Which of the following words
consists of a root word and an
inflectional suffix?
a. hopping
b. famous
c. assistant
d. baker
75. Which of the following is an example of
an authentic writing assessment task for
English language learners?
a. composing a response to a letter from a teacher

b. revising errors embedded in a paragraph
c. writing a sentence that a teacher dictates
d. converting a sentence from present tense to
past tense
76. Which of the following should be the primary
focus of instruction for English language
learners in the prewriting stage of the writing
process?
a. helping students generate the vocabulary and

structures they need to express their ideas
b. justifying for students the value of and
purposes for writing
c. providing students with clear guidelines
regarding assignment expectations and grading
criteria
d. promoting students’ use of standard
77. An English language learner overgeneralizes
the regular past tense -ed to irregular verbs,
such as holded for held. This student is most
clearly demonstrating.
a. The memorization of an incorrect verb form

b. The acquisition of a new vocabulary word
c. The extension of a known word to a new
meaning
d. The process of internalizing a grammatical rule
78. Which of the following is NOT a
discussion of formal writing?
a. Simple vocabulary and simple sentence

structure is used.
b. It emphasizes the importance of its subject
and the exactness of its information.
c. Tone is dignified.
d. It maintains a certain distance between
writer and audience.
79.
A. Now, we shall do everything we can to enforce this law.
B. In the struggle against crime, government and people
should join hands.
C. Republic Act 7659, the death penalty law is
government’s response in law against cruelty and
heartlessness.
D. The law’s main objective is not retribution but reform
and rehabilitation of offenders and would-be offenders.
E. All countries in the world are presently siege by violent
crime.
a. CEBAD c. CEDAB e. CBEDA

b. EBCDA d. ACEBD
80.
A. Indeed, the real test of the pudding is in the eating.
B. Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is the Republic’s 14th
President
C. Her sincerity is being closely scrutinized in her day-
to-day actuations.
D. She emphasized no “palakasan, kamag-anak, kaibigan,
etc.” in running the affairs of the Presidency.
E. She spelled out her government policies in her “State
of the Nation Address”
a. ADECB c. BEDCA e. BDCEA

b. ABECD d. BCDEA
81.
A. How can the new social order, tempered with justice
and reconciliation, short of cronyism and dynasty-
building be realized?
B. The effective result of bloodless revolution is shown in
the provision for the development of a responsible and
law abiding citizens.
C. This can be achieved by people power which is most
often likened to a newborn baby.
D. Having responsible citizens means the end of milestone
of abusive officials who are held responsible for
injustice they committed in the past.
a. ABCD c. BCAD e. DBCA
b. BACD d. ACBD
82. The recent establishment of “Crime
A
Busters” officially sanctioned neighborhood
block watching groups, has dramatic

B C
improved relations between citizens and
D
police. No error.
E
83. The masterpiece which was auctioned
so successfully depicts a Biblical scene in

A
which the king is on his throne with his
B C
counselors respectively standing below.
D
No error.
E
84. The effort to create appropriate
A
theatrical effects often result in settings
B
that cannot be effective without an
C
imaginative lighting crew. No error.
D E
85. Mr. Torres’ paper is highly imaginary
A
and very creative but seems to be
B C
lacking in cogency. No error.
D E
86. The President together with his
A B
department secretaries is in Central
C
Luzon distributing relief good.
D
No error.
E
87. Which sound is not a recognition
of the simple past tense?
a. /ed/
b. /d/
c. /∂d/
d. /t/
88. Which of the following shows the
correct stress of the given word?
a. céremony
b. cerémony
c. ceremóny
d. ceremoný
89. Which of the underlined vowel in
the following words is different?
a. mental
b. fun
c. pursue
d. hat
90. Which of the following logically
follows this sentence with stole as
the most important word, “I didn’t
say he stole the money ____”?
a. Someone else said it.

b. That’s not true at all.
c. May be he just borrowed it.
d. He may have taken some jewelry.
91. Which of the following follows this
syllable pattern “la-la-la”?
a. IBM
b. Orchestra
c. analyze
d. percentage
92. What sound is produced when the
letter or sound D is followed by a
word that starts with Y?
Did you see it?
a. Ch c. sh
b. j d. zh
93. Which is pronounced with lips
drawn back, and teeth close
together?
a. beat c. bought
b. boot d. bat
94. Which of the following provides the most accurate
explanation of this linguistic phenomenon?
a. English is a tonal language in which pitch affects the

meaning of a word, while the student’s first language is
not a tonal language.
b. The sounds /b/ and /v/ are voiced consonants in English,
while they are voiceless consonants in the student’s first
language.
c. Consonant-vowel phoneme sequences in the student’s
first language are more complex than they are in
English.
d. The sounds /b/ and /v/ are distinct phonemes in English,
while they are allophones of the same phoneme in the
student’s first language.
dog shed fur
95. In comparing the phonemes in the
words above ____.
a. Two have three, and one has four.

b. They each have three.
c. One had one, one has two, and one has
three.
d. It cannot be determined unless one hears
how each person pronounces the words.
96. A startling introductory statement
is most useful in establishing contact
with which kind of audience?
a. hostile c. attentive
b. apathetic d. homogeneous
97. In debate, a prima facie is one that ___.
a. is presented in the second affirmative rebuttal

b. is necessary only when a proposition of fact
is being argued.
c. is necessary only when a proposition of value
is being argued
d. minimally meets the affirmative side’s
unattached burden of proof
98. “Excessive consumption of caffeine can
lead to high blood pressure; therefore, you
should reduce your consumption of cola
beverages, coffee, and chocolate.” This
argument illustrates which of the following?
a. deductive reasoning
b. an ad hominem argument
c. analogical reasoning
d. abductive reasoning
99. An informative speech that explains
the history of genetics would most
likely follow which of the following
methods of organization?
a. comparison-contrast
b. cause-effect
c. chronological
d. problem-solution
100. Which of the following nonverbal
responses from an audience member
indicates attention and interest in a speaker?
a. Crossed arms and crossed legs

b. Leaning forward
c. Eye contact with other audience members
d. Leaning backward
101. Which of the following best describes the critical
period in language development?
a. If a child does not learn to write by a certain age, he

or she is likely to never acquire basic writing skills.
b. If a child is not exposed to a second language by a
certain age, he or she is likely to never fluently read
or write a second language.
c. If a child is not exposed to regular language used by
a certain age, he or she is likely to never fully
develop language capabilities.
d. If a child does not learn phonetics by a certain age,
he or she is likely to never acquire basic reading
skills.
102. Which of the following examples provides
the strongest support for the nativist notion that
all children are born with an innate sense of
universal language principles that can be applied
to the acquisition of any language?
a. A child can produce structurally complex novel

utterances at a very young age.
b. A child creates a new language to speak with an
imaginary friend.
c. A child can repeat verbatim the words of songs
from favorite television programs.
d. A child mimics adult speech when playing with
other children.
103. An English language learner is extroverted and enjoys
interacting with others. He is not afraid to try to
communicate even when he is uncertain of the accuracy of
his speech. These personality traits are likely to affect this
student’s English language acquisition in which of the
following ways?
a. facilitating language acquisition by supporting his ability to

self-monitor his language production and to internalize
language rules
b. hindering language acquisition by encouraging the
fossilization of nonstandard language forms in his
interlanguage development
c. facilitating language acquisition by promoting his willingness
to take risks and his motivation to integrate into the new
culture
d. hindering language acquisition by creating social distance
between him and speakers of the target language who do not
share these traits
104. Which of the following factors is likely to have
the most significant impact on the degree to which
an English language learner is able to acquire native-
like pronunciation in English?
a. the age at which the student begins learning English

b. the amount and type of second-language instruction
the student receives
c. the grammatical features of the student’s first language
d. the extent to which the student desires to maintain
his or her first language
SYNONYM
105. He is easily upset with the

mundane concerns of day-to-day life.
a. ordinary
b. odd
c. financial
d. investments
e. economic
106. The depravity of the criminal’s
behavior shocked us all.
a. harshness
b. gravity
c. effects
d. deprivations
e. viciousness
107. Somebody has to corroborate
your evidence; otherwise, it will not
stand as defense in court.
a. witness
b. collaborate
c. confirm
d. negate
e. be credible
108. Indulgent parents spoil their
children by giving in to their whims
and caprices.
a. loving
b. beneficial
c. generous
d. yielding
e. indecisive
109. Because of the drug’s soporific
effect, you should not drive after
taking it.
a. poignant
b. noxious
c. sedative
d. poisonous
e. inimical
ANTONYM
110. He showed great aplomb in

dealing with the reporters.
a. calmness
b. poise
c. awkwardness
d. self-confidence
111. She suffered an injury that
precluded the possibility of an
athletic career.
a. permitted
b. prohibited
c. stopped
d. impeded
112. With a discreet gesture, she
signaled to her husband that she was
ready to leave the party.
a. subtle
b. careless
c. obvious
d. careful
ANALOGY
113. open: secretive :: forthright: ____
a. spiteful
b. honest
c. masked
d. candid
e. outspoken
ANALOGY
114. negligent: requirement :: remiss:___
a. task
b. duty
c. position
d. injury
e. problem
ANALOGY
115. chairman: gavel :: conductor: ___
a. orchestra
b. keys
c. baton
d. bus
e. piano
ANALOGY
116. funds: embezzled :: writings: ____
a. copyrighted
b. documented
c. reproduced
d. published
e. plagiarized
ANALOGY
117. taciturn: laconic :: improvised: ____
a. practice
b. planned
c. amended
d. prepared
e. unrehearsed
118. A third-grade teacher wishes to do an appropriate
pre-reading activity that will encourage the students to
want to read the story. Which of the following pre-
reading activities would be most likely to accomplish
that?
a. Telling the students about the author and the period in

which the story was written.
b. Giving the students a list of literary devices they will
find employed in the story.
c. Telling the children that there is a surprise ending and
that they will be required to draw a picture showing
that ending.
d. Telling the children the main plot of the story.
119. Which of the following is an example of
Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development?
a. A child knows the short vowel sounds, so he is

able to learn the long vowel sounds.
b. A class “reads” the words under a picture as
the teacher guides them while she points and
says the word.
c. Children read in groups based on their abilities.
d. A teacher pairs students with other students of
unlike ability and has them do their worksheets
together.
Line Graph
A line graph shows the movement or the

trend of the data that are being
presented.
 Line graphs are very useful in displaying
information that continuously change
over time and in showing a comparison
between two variables.
Bar Graph
 Bar graphs are used to show relationships between
groups although it does not necessarily mean that
the variables affect each other.
 Bar graphs are better in comparing limited items.
Unlike line graphs, which can accommodate a huge
number of entries, bar graphs can only
accommodate small number of entries.
 Bar graphs show better comparison as opposed to
line graphs. Bar graphs are sometimes referred to as
column graphs and they can be presented either
horizontally or vertically.
Pie Charts/Graphs
 A pie chart is a circular chart that

represents 100% of something.
 The segment or the slices in the pie shows
the distribution of the whole, hence the pie
chart provides the reader with a percentage
of something. Pie charts are very effective if
you are aiming to show how big or small
something is as compared to its class or
group.
120. Ms. Ignacio asked her students to
study their electric bills by looking at the
monthly bill and to compare it to the
other months. What chart would be
most appropriate in this activity?
a. Bar graph
b. Line graph
c. Pie graph
d. Pictograph
121. Which of the following is an example of a
dichotomy?
a. A person’s ideas about a subject involve two

polarizing aspects.
b. One group of teachers believes phonics is the
best method of teaching; another group believes
whole language is the better method.
c. A word has two different meanings, with each
representing a nuance.
d. Some children in a teacher’s classroom become
good readers and others continue to be
nonreaders.
122. The reason teachers use guided reading
in the classroom is to give students _____.
a. the chance to apply reading strategies with

support from the teacher
b. books they can take home and read
c. the chance to show the whole class they
can read aloud
d. the chance to read aloud in unison
123. The ultimate goal of using guided
reading groups in the classroom is for the
students to become a/an __________.
a. good group leader

b. independent silent reader
c. friend to other students in the class
d. team player in his group
124. In terms of rereading books in the classroom,
the teacher __________.
a. should never allow that because it will bore

the children
b. should never allow that because the students
will not progress if not using new books every
day
c. may allow books to be reread because it
allows the students to recognize their progress
from when they first read the book.
d. may allow books to be reread but only by
children who have not read them the first time
125. Once children have been exposed to a
new word, they will then _________.
a. never use it again, unless they need to

b. try to use it again in a safe environment
c. use it everywhere they can
d. need to write it in a sentence in order
for it to become a true part of their
vocabulary.
126. When a teacher creates a bulletin board
in the classroom, its primary purpose is to
___________.
a. provide a bright learning environment

b. display the teacher’s creativity so that
children will be inspired to be creative as
well
c. serve as a display for parents conferences
d. provide information that relates to the
material being taught in the classroom
127. Which of the following best tells what
this passage is about?
a. the design of modern telescopes

b. how the telescope was developed
c. the problems of early telescopes
d. the experiments of Varnish and Mellish
e. how lenses are made
128. Which of the following is implied by the
statement that Holmes was able to identify
the villain based on “unremarkable details”?
a. Holmes’ enemies left no traces at the crime

scene
b. The character of Holmes was based on Charles
Darwin
c. Few real detectives would have been capable of
solving Holmes’ cases
d. Criminal investigation often involves tedious,
time-consuming tasks
129. Based on the passage, it could be
suggested that the carronade ________.
a. would be of particular use to smaller ships

b. represented the height of maritime
technology
c. was composed largely of copper and brass
d. employed a flintlock firing mechanism
e. was more accurate than long-range
cannons of the time
130. In lines 1 and 2, the narrator
expresses feelings of ________.
a. exhaustion
b. hostility
c. despair
d. terror
131. In lines 3 and 4, the poet suggests that
the “comfort” of other droughts is the
knowledge that ____________.
a. other droughts did no harm

b. people used to welcome the variety in
weather
c. people used to prefer dry weather
d. other droughts were part of nature’s
pattern
132. What emotion is conveyed in the
poem?
a. awe
b. guilt
c. resignation
d. scorn
133. In lines 9 and 10, the narrator is
concerned with the idea of the
_______.
a. limitations of human power

b. inevitability of drought
c. vulnerability of human beings
d. universality of suffering
134. What is ironic about the poem?
a. It is set in the present but refers to the past.

b. It asks questions but never answers them.
c. It uses description but avoids comparison.
d. Its title is “Rain” but is about drought.
135. The main idea of the poem is that ______.
a. The ancient lands of Europe should serve as a

beacon to America
b. The Greek statue serves as a model for the
American statue
c. The mighty are asked to come to these shores
d. America welcomes all persecuted freedom-lovers
e. The lamp guides those who come to the golden
door
136. In the choices below, the
incorrectly paired words are
_______.
a. brazen-of brass
b. sunset-east
c. beacon- guiding light
d. refuse-trash
e. pomp-splendor
137. The “mighty woman” and
“Mother of Exiles” is the
_________.
a. United States of America

b. city of New York
c. Statue of Liberty
d. Plymouth Rock
e. Golden Gate
138. The title of this poem, “The New
Colossus,” implies ____________.
a. similarity to the old

b. replacement of the old
c. difference from the old
d. inferiority to the old
e. acceptance of the old
139. The incorrectly matched phrase from
the poem with the figure of speech or
poetic device it demonstrates is ______.
a. “Her mild eyes”- epithet

b. “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!”
cries she- personification
c. “shall stand a mighty woman”- inversion
d. “world-wide welcome”- alliteration
e. “flame is the imprisoned lightning”- simile
140. Which of the following is true of
the poem above?
a. It is written in iambic pentameter.

b. It includes an extended metaphor
c. It is a sonnet.
d. It is an oxymoron
141. To be considered a poem, a work of
literature must use which of the following?
I.Verse II. Rhythm III. Rhyme IV. Metaphor
a. I and II only
b. I and IV only
c. II and III only
d. I only
142. All of the following correctly
describes the ballad, except
_________.
a. a ballad uses dialogue

b. a ballad often rhymes a,b,c,d
c. a ballad is a narrative poem
d. a ballad often uses learned language
Figures of Speech
1. Personification
- It is all about adding a human trait to
an inanimate object or an abstraction.
Example:
The picture in that magazine shouted
for attention.
Figures of Speech
2. Simile
-is a figure of speech that compares two
unrelated things or ideas using "like" or "as"
to accentuate a certain feature of an object
by comparing it to a dissimilar object that is a
typical example of that particular trait.
Example: as big as a bus, as clear as a bell, as

dry as a bone, etc.
Figures of Speech
3. Metaphor
- compares two different or unrelated things
to reveal certain new qualities in the subject,
which you might have ignored or overlooked
otherwise.
Example: The streets of Chennai are a furnace.

Figures of Speech
4.Alliteration
- is the duplication of a specific consonant
sound at the start of each word and in
quick succession. This figure of speech is
commonly seen in poems.
Example: "Guinness is good for you"

Figures of Speech
5. Hyperbole
– is a far-fetched, over exaggerated
description or sentence is called as
hyperbole and is commonly used in jokes
and making backhanded compliments. For
Example:
When she smiles, her cheeks fall off.
Figures of Speech
6. Onomatopoeia
- is partly pleasure and partly business. It
is used to replicate sounds created by
objects, actions, animals and people.
Example: Cock-a-doodle-do, quack, moo

Figures of Speech
7. Euphemism
- is a figure of speech where an offensive
word or expression is replaced with a
polite word.
Example:
You have the beauty that only a
mother could love.
Figures of Speech
8.Assonance
- is a repetition of the vowel sounds. Such
a figure of speech is found most
commonly in short sentences or verses.
Example:
And murmuring of innumerable bees.
Figures of Speech
9.Allusion
- is an indirect or subtle reference made
about a person, place or thing in a work
of literature.
Example: I am no Prince Hamlet.

Figures of Speech
10. Antithesis
- is a figure of speech where two very
opposing lines of thought or ideas are
placed in a somewhat balanced sentenced.
Example: Man proposes: God disposes

Figures of Speech
11. Apostrophe
- is used when a person who is absent is
spoken to.
For example:
"Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder
what you are. Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky."
Figures of Speech
12. Metonymy
- A metonymy is a figure of speech where
one word or phrase is used in place of
another. With metonymies, a name of a
particular thing is substituted with the name
of a thing that is closely related to it.
Example: "We have always remained loyal to

the crown."
Figures of Speech
13. Oxymoron
- Oxymoron involves the usage of
contradictory terms to describe an
object, situation or incident.
Example: open secret, tragic comedy, exact

estimate, original copies
Figures of Speech
14. Synecdoche
- This is figure of speech where a part of a
particular object is employed to throw
light on the whole thing.
Example:
Describing a whole vehicle as just "wheels".
Figures of Speech
15. Litotes
- are nothing but an understatement. It
can be used when you are looking to
underplay a positive with a negative.
Example: The food at that restaurant is not

bad at all.
Figures of Speech
16. Anticlimax
- An anticlimax as a figure speech refers to
the building up a climax that results in
something that cannot really be described as
a climax.
Example: On discovering that his friend was
murdered, with vengeance on his mind Ravi
rushed back to his college, only to find his
friend sipping on coffee in the college canteen.
Figures of Speech
17. Consonance
- refers to the repetition of consonant sounds,
within the limits of a sentence or a certain number
of sentences.
Example: "Whose woods these are I think I know. His
house is in the village though; He will not see me
stopping here. To watch his woods fill up with
snow." - Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by
Robert Frost
Figures of Speech
18. Irony
-is used to stress on the opposite
meaning of a word. When people are
looking to be sarcastic, they employ irony.
Example:
He was so intelligent, that he failed all
his tests.
143. In the phrase, “parting brings such
sweet sorrow,” the underlined portion
of the phrase is an example of
_________.
a. a simile
b. a personification
c. a hyperbole
d. an oxymoron
144. The speaker of the lines above is most
likely ________.
a. A young boy addressing his older brother

b. A young woman addressing her lover
c. A father addressing his son
d. An older woman addressing her son
e. An older woman addressing her beloved
145. The last sentence suggests that _____.
a. The boy would enjoy great success one day.

b. The boy’s days at Oxford were among his
happiest
c. The boy’s father loved his son very much
d. Father Roger failed to nurture the boy’s
promising talent
e. Father Roger abandoned the boy at Oxford
146. The passage above contains
characteristic elements of which of
the following literary genres?
a. fable
b. autobiography
c. folktale
d. realistic fiction
147. From the description of the
house, we may most safely conclude
that the house _______.
a. is sometimes used as a place of worship

b. is owned by a wealthy family
c. was designed by Egyptian architects
d. is constructed of modern bricks
e. is a dark, cold-looking structure
148. In this passage, which atmosphere
does the author attempt to create?
a. pleasant anticipation
b. quiet peace
c. carefree gaiety
d. unrelieved despair
e. vague uncertainty
149. From this passage, which
inference can most safely be drawn?
a. The house was topped by a lofty tower.

b. Boris is tired from his journey.
c. There is only one terrace before the
house is reached.
d. The most imposing feature of the house
is the door.
e. Boris intends to stay at the house for
only a short time.
150. Which of the following is the
most accurate classification of the
poem?
a. Ballad
b. Ode
c. Pastoral
d. Dramatic monologue
151. Which of the following poetic devices
are used in the first stanza of the poem?
I. Alliteration III. Hyperbole

II. Iambic pentameter IV. Personification
a. I and III c. III and IV

b. I and IV d. I, II, and III
152. What is the mood of these lines?
Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise

I must think of a new life
And I mustn’t give in.
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory, too
And a new day will begin
a. enthusiastic c. thrilled
b. motivated d. hopeful
153. What point of view is used in the following
passage?
I stood there contemplating the stack of sales

records we had to compile before we could call it
quits for the day. I just wanted to go home, be with
the kids, and watch the ball game.
a. first-person
b. omniscient third-person
c. limited third-person
d. third-person
154. What is suggested in the opening line?
June 13, 1986-they came from all over America-
200,000 heroes strong, with their families.
a. The writer holds great admiration for the

veterans
b. The writer is opposed to the Vietnam war
c. The writer was a veteran of the war
d. The writer is a flag-waving patriot
155. What figure of speech is used in the
following lines from Carl Sandburg’s “Jazz
Fantasia”?
Drum on your drums, batter on your banjos, sob
On the long cool winding saxophones.
Go to it, O jazzmen.
a. Assonance
b. Consonance
c. Alliteration
d. Repetition
156. The following lines are characterized by
______.
Fair is my Love, and cruel as she’s fair;

Her brow-shades frown, although her eyes are sunny.
Her smiles are lightning, though her pride despair,
And her disdains are gall, her favors honey.
a. anticlimax
b. antithesis
c. antihero
d. anti-utopia
157. The best paraphrase of “her disdains are
gall, her favors honey” (line 4) is ___.
a. Her disdain is sometimes marred by sweetness.

b. Her disdain is bitter to me, her favors are sweet.
c. Her violent disdain is tempered by her honeyed
words.
d. She offends others with her disdain, but she
treats me with kindness.
e. She is frequently disdainful to all, but she
sweetens for favors.
158. Which of the following is NOT
classified as figure of speech?
a. “Holding wonder like a cup”

b. “Life has loneliness to sell”
c. “Eyes that love you, arms that hold”
d. “But it and never count the cost”
159. Which lines use personification?
a. 1,2,4,5
b. 2,3,4,5
c. 1,4,5,6
d. 3,4,5,6
160. Robert Frost wrote the poem
“Acquainted with the Night” from which
this stanza is taken. The poet in the stanza
talks of _________.
a. alone and separated from others

b. alone and separated, but happy with his
achievements
c. worried but joyful for being able to get out
of the house
d. separated but delighted for the blessings
brought by the rain
161. The following lines are taken from the poem
“Maggie and Milly and Molly and May.” Which of
the following ideas is the author expressing?
For whatever we lose (like a you or a me)
It’s always ourselves we find in the sea.
a. The sea is important because it is the source of life and

death.
b. The sea represents all of our moods.
c. The sea is the best place for a person to reflect about life.
d. The sea and its surroundings can give people a fresh view
on life.
162. The line “Under the bludgeoning
of chance, my head is bloody but
unbowed”, depicts the person’s
_________.
a. optimism
b. confidence
c. courage
d. determination
163. The passage describes a woman who is
___.
a. Experiencing the joy of falling in love

b. Overwhelmed by regret for the man she has
lost
c. Worried that her change of heart will be
discovered
d. Consumed by the love she holds in secrecy
e. Overcome with guilt for betraying her lover.
164. Lines 2 and 6 contain are
examples of _________.
a. Allusion
b. Metaphor
c. Simile
d. Alliteration
e. Personification
165. The passage was written by _____.
a. Christopher Marlowe
b. William Shakespeare
c. Ben Johnson
d. John Webster
e. William Congreve
166. The act of feeling for and
identifying with characters in a play is
known as _______.
a. sympathy
b. empathy
c. synchronicity
d. understanding
167. The author of the passage compares certain
readers with “chocolate addicts” primarily in
order to _________.
a. suggests that science fiction is not a serious

literary genre
b. indicate the depth of certain readers’
feelings about science fiction
c. explain why some readers consider science
fiction to be dangerous
d. contrast the characteristic of science
168. What mood do the images of
frost, night, and wild bells create?
a. doom
b. death
c. happiness
d. loneliness
169. What figure of speech is used in
the given lines?
a. apostrophe
b. metonymy
c. personification
d. synecdoche
170. The poem is a haiku. The night is
implied to be _________.
a. quiet and passive

b. sad and somber
c. beautiful and romantic
d. happy and exciting
171. “It must be slender as a bell”
means that a poem _______.
a. has shape like of a slender bell

b. is as slender as a bell
c. goes on a diet
d. includes only important words
172. “It must have the wisdom of bows”
means that a poem ________.
a. is a weapon in understanding language

b. should touch the heart of the readers
c. must be as good as a bow
d. has its mark like a bow
173. The line “and hold a secret a bird’s
flowering” means _________.
a. the poem blooms like a flower. It is lovely

to look at.
b. the poem flies like a bird. It travels fast.
c. the meaning of the poem is intentionally
hidden.
d. the meaning of the poem is understood
instantly.
174. The stanza from William Cullen
Bryant’s poem “To a Mosquito”
includes all of the following EXCEPT
_______.
a. pastoral setting
b. anthropomorphism
c. iambic pentameter
d. apostrophe
e. rhymed couplet
175. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were
written by American author Samuel
Langhorne Clemens. By what name is he
better known as?
a. Mark Twain
b. Ernest Hemingway
c. Miguel de Cervantes
d. Robinson Crusoe
Free Verse
- is a poetry that is written without
using strict meter or rhyme.
Blank Verse
- is a poetry that has a regular rhythm
and line length but no rhyme.
176. Which of the following most
accurately identifies the form of this
poem?
a. blank verse
b. ode
c. narrative
d. free verse
177. May Ann slept like a log last night.
This means May Ann __________.
a. had a disturbing night

b. slept well and soundly
c. slept in a very comfortable bed
d. camped out in the forest
178. The sentence implies that _____.
a. God has withdrawn from the world.

b. Nature celebrates humanity.
c. Humanity is blind to the beauties of
nature.
d. God pervades all nature.
e. Humanity now lacks awareness of God.
179. The description of the sun in the
second sentence contains which of
the following literary devices?
a. foreshadowing
b. irony
c. flashback
d. personification
180. Which of the following is the best way of
describing the last three sentences of the passage
(“They became… in judgment”).
a. The sentences emphasize the weariness the sitters feel

after a long day’s work.
b. The sentences are used to paint a picture of the way in
which the sitters wish they spent their evenings.
c. The sentences are a vivid way of describing the ease and
authority the sitters feel during the evening.
d. The sentences highlight the contrast between the
feelings of the sitters and the feelings of the bossman.
THANK YOU SO MUCH!

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GENERAL

ROSSEL A. ABANAG, LPT

Singular 1st Person I me my/mine

3rd Person, he him his

Plural 1st Person we us our/ours

2nd Person you you your/yours

3rd Person they them their/theirs

each, every, either, both none

thing several most

body few any

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

far farther farthest

fast faster fastest

early earlier earliest

slow slower slowest

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

cute cuter cutest

happy happier happiest

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

difficult more difficult most difficult

poor poorer poorest

since before why

because often until

on days and dates

for to measure time

since specific date or time

13. The pronoun “you”, requires a plural

a. that believe their families are

a. It contains a gerund phrase

b. Far– that (singular), those (plural). Use these

a. There were confusions on admission.

a. Winning the election appears

Example: His mother gave him a gift (active). vs. A

a. The dog that I bought yesterday bit me

a. she will see me soon

a. two sweet red big Canadian apples

a. She lives in a barely furnished room.

a. The phone rang while I was doing the

a. The red clown together with the blue

a. if not faster than anyone

a. It won’t make much difference

a. research, there are new techniques for

a. Except for you and I, everyone brought

a. He delivered the lecture this morning

a. either be isolated in war or peace

a.Yesterday I left my jacket in my locker;

a. who supports total banning of mining

a. Jericho said that I haven’t told my parents yet.

a. Is it proper to jump into conclusions without

Wrong: My duty was very tiring I extended

Wrong: Many people standing dangerously

Wrong: Having climbed Mt. Kanlaon, Mt.

Wrong: We practiced reloading,

a. Popular exercises for men and women include

a. She saw the house she built in her mind.

a. The farmers have now realized what the

a. Two hundred students joined the rally.

a. For me there is no excuse.

a. I read the biography of the life of

a. Creativity involves looking at things in a

a. The United States has no right to intervene

a. volume and page numbers

A topic sentence presents the main

a. Doing housework can be very boring.