FISIOLOGI SISTEM

REPRODUKSI
The essential male The essential female
reproductive reproductive
functions are as functions include
follows: the following:
•Production of sperm •Production of ova
(spermatogenesis) (oogenesis)
•Delivery of sperm to the •Reception of sperm
female •fertilization, or
conception)
•gestation, or pregnancy
•Parturition
•lactation
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 The male reproductive system has evolved for

continuous lifelong gametogenesis coupled with
occasional internal insemination with a high
density of sperm (>60 × 106/mL in 3–5 mL of
semen).
 In adult men the basic roles of gonadal hormones
are
 (1) support of gametogenesis (spermatogenesis),
 (2) maintenance of the male reproductive tract and
production of semen, and
 (3) maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
and libido.
Fungsi Testosteron
SPERMATOGENESIS
 Hormonal Factors That Stimulate
Spermatogenesis
Follicle-
stimulating
hormone,
Luteinizing
Estrogens
hormone,

Growth
Testosterone Spermatogenesis
hormone
Control of testicular function
 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
 The female reproductive system is composed
of the gonads, called ovaries, and the female
reproductive tract, which includes the
oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and
external genitalia.
 Female reproductive physiology is more
complex than male reproductive physiology.
 Unlike the continuous sperm production and
essentially constant testosterone secretion
characteristic of the male, release of ova is
intermittent, and secretion of female sex
hormones displays wide cyclic swings.
Ovarium
 the ovary, like the testis, serves several functions:
 oogenesis, the production of gametes during the fetal
period;
 Maturation of the oocyte;
 expulsion of the mature oocyte (ovulation); and
 secretion of the female sex steroid hormones (estrogen
and progesterone), as well as the protein hormone inhibin.
 Before ovulation, the maturation of the oocyte
and endocrine functions of the ovaries take
place in a single structure, the follicle.
 After ovulation, the follicle, now without an egg,
differentiates into a corpus luteum
Siklus Menstruasi
Feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian
axis in females
 Fertilization and Early
Development
 For fertilization to occur, the introduction of sperm into the female
reproductive tract must occur between 5 days before and 1–2
days after ovulation.
 This is because the sperm, following their ejaculation into the
vagina, remain capable of fertilizing an egg for up to 4 to 6 days,
and the ovulated egg remains viable for only 24 to 48 h.
 KEPUSTAKAAN
 Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems, Ninth
Edition
 GUYTON AND HALL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL
PHYSIOLOGY, THIRTEENTH EDITION
 BERNE AND LEVY PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH
EDITION
 NETTER’S ESSENTIAL PHYSIOLOGY
 VANDER’S HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: THE
MECHANISMS OF BODY FUNCTION, FIFTEENTH
EDITION
 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11th edition