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NAME : FENTURISA KUSFTRIYATNA (2223160029)

FADILLAH OKTAFIANSAH (2223160053)
INTAN NURFAZRINA (2223160074)
YENI FITASARI (222316099)
VEBRI STEVANI (2223160114)
Definition :
The organization of information within individual caluses
and through this, with the organization of large text.
A theme is the point of the departure of the message or
the starting point for the message: what the clause is going to
be about.
Rheme is the rest of the clause after theme.

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 *
MARKED
Ideational / Topical If the theme is non subject
Theme
Is the first element in the
caluse that expresses some
kind of “representational UNMARKED
meaning“. There is transitivity
structure: as a participant, a If the first topical element of a
circumstance or a process. declarative clause is also the
subject of the clause, including
the subject “it”
 EXAMPLE :
Participant as a Unmarked Smoking Is dangerous for
Theme (subject as a It (smoking) our health.
Theme) It Causes many
disease...
Is said...
Circumstance as a Marked yesterday I went to the zoo
Theme with my family.

Process as a Theme Marked Come To the class on

time.
Topical Theme Rheme
Interpersonal Theme
Is the interpersonal part of the theme, and it is often
used to indicated the writer’s or speaker’s personal
judgement on the meaning or to foreground the writer’s
view point.
Interpersonal theme can be categorised into:
1. Unfused Finite
2. Mood Adjuncts
3. Comment Adjuncts
4. Vocative Adjunct
5. Polarity Adjunct

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 *
Unfused Finite as Can We have lunch now?
a theme Have You read 5cm?
Mood Adjunct I think English is important for our success in
(I believe) education.
Comment Obviously, family planning is useful for the prosperity of a
Adjunct country.
Vocative Adjunct Intan, you should read 5cm?

Polarity Adjunct Yes

No
Interpersona Topical Theme Rheme
l Theme
 *
TEXTUAL THEME
Is elements “which don’t express any interpersonal or
experiental meaning, but which are doing important
cohesive work in relating the clause to its context”.
EXAMPLE
Coordination Risa works very hard, but her classmates seem to waste
too much time chatting.

Subordination Many student didn’t passed final test of Functional

Grammar because they were not prepared for it.

Relative Some lecturers do not seem to welcome the newest policy

of the department, which is {{classroom observation}}

Conjunctive Besides, the argument {{which is launched by the U.S

goverment of attacking Iraq}} is not making any sense.
Theme in different Mood classes can be explaind relevant to the
mood of the clause. It includes, declaratives, elliptical
declaratives, yes-no interrogatives, WH-interrogative, elliptical
interogative, imperatives, minor clauses, reiterated subject.

*

* Declaratives
I don’t love you.
I love you.
* Elliptical Declaratives
Sinta : Some coffee?
Tito : A glass, please.
Rama : Yes
* Yes-No Interrogatives
Do you understand functional
grammar?
* WH-Interrogatives
When will he come home?
*
• Elliptical Interrogatives
Toddi: I meet uncle Toby
Mother : Where?
• Imperatives
Leave me alone.
• Minor Clauses
OK!, Fair enough! Great!
• Exclamative Clauses
What a diligent student
Risa is.
• Reiterated Subject
Sinta, she has been in
prison for about two weeks.
 *
A part from being represented by a single clause constituent, as examples
above, themes may also be constituted by a longer unit.
Longer Unit Themes Examples

Embbeded clauses : Wh- What no one seemed to Is the writing on the wall
clause notice (Halliday, 1194a, p. 45).

Non-finite Clause Solving the problem of flood Is one of the programs

in Jakarta [[implemented by Jokowi]].
That-clause
[[That functional grammar is Has also been stated by
important for teachers and Halliday.
students
Long nominal groups: Nominal The first argument [[proposed Is regarding assessment
groups which involves clause by the opponents of national
embeddings; examination]]

Group and phrase complexes Susanti, an opponent of Suggest ...

Predicated Theme
National Examination in
Indonesia
It is they themselves
Topical Theme (unmarked)
[[who promised to get away
from corruption]]
Rheme
 *

Wh-clause When Najmi was in She was still very little

Australia
Finite clause If law discrimintaion It is improper to {to
persist. employ capital
punishment]
Non-finite clause After graduating from the Mizan tried to get a job
school of management
business

Topical Theme Rheme

(Marked)