Energy Crises

Non traditional Security Threats

 Energy Sources
• Thermal (Coal, Gas)Kotaddu and Karachi and
jamshoro
• Hydral (tarbela and mangla)
• Nuclear (Chashma Power Plant)
• Solar (Bahwalpur, Quaid e Azam Solar park)
• Wind (Thatha)
 Energy Sources
Resources Total Production Capacity (MW)

Thermal 14,365

Hydral 6,611

Nuclear 775

Wind 206.4

Solar 1,000

Total 22,957.4
 Reasons for energy crises
• Poor Distribution Infrastructure
• Power Theft and Under Recovery Bills
• Poor Real Production Factor
• Ever Increasing Energy Demands
• Non-traditional security issues are challenges
to the survival and well-being of peoples and
states that arise primarily out of non-military
sources, such as climate change, resources
shortage, infectious diseases, natural
disasters, irregular migration, food shortages,
people smuggling, drug trafficking and
transnational crime.
 Climate change
• will negatively affect human activities and
livelihoods in Pakistan through increasingly
frequent extreme weather events and changes
in temperature and precipitation. A rise in
extreme weather has already led to an
alarming increase in the number of people
killed, injured, or made homeless.
 Growing Population
• Pakistan’s large population and high growth
rate adversely affect all aspects of society, the
economy, and the environment. Population
growth creates and exacerbates vulnerabilities
by endangering basic civic amenities, leading
to a lack of clean water and space for housing
and ultimately burdening society.
 Food Shortage
• Growth in agricultural productivity has broadly
kept pace with accelerating demand.
However, medium-term food security
challenges will become far more daunting if
immediate attention is not paid to managing
water resources, both underground and in the
Indus Basin river system.
• Food insecurity is a major hindrance to social
and economic development of the country
and needs critical scientific inquiry, and idea
of viewing this issue in terms of climate
change carries with it a multipronged strategy
to address the issue seriously
 Precautionary measures
• both underground and in the Indus Basin river
system
• Due to shortage of irrigation water, the
farmers are shifting cultivation from water
intensive crops like rice, wheat, cotton and
sugarcane (staple food) to low water intensive
crops and vegetables, thus putting pressure
on food market.
 Water security
• Water security is the most serious challenge
for Pakistan due to several factors, particularly
the increasing pressure of population and
urbanization, massive expansion of tube-well
irrigation, reduced levels of precipitation
caused by climate change, and the accelerated
retreat of Himalayan glaciers.
 Natural Disasters
• Floods
• Famine
• Earthquakes
Damages crops, infrastructure, human life