INTEGRATION REVIEW

The process of integration

The process of integration
Standard integrals
Since integration is the reverse process of differentiation
the standard integrals can be deduced
Definite integrals
Definite integrals

Note: the ‘c’ term always cancels out when limits are applied
and it need not be shown with definite integrals.
Integration by algebraic
substitutions
Example:
Integration using partial
fractions
• Partial fraction is a process of expressing a fraction in
terms of simpler fractions.
• By algebraic addition,

• The reverse process of moving from

to

is called resolving into partial fractions.

 There are basically three types of partial fraction and the
form of partial fraction used:

Type Denominator Expression Form of partial fraction

containing
1 Linear factors

2 Repeated linear
factors
3 Quadratic
factors

• Certain functions need to be resolved into partial fractions to

make the integration calculation simpler.
Example:

• First we resolve the function into partial fractions.

The numerator is of higher degree than the denominator.
Thus dividing out gives
Example:
Example:
Example:
Integration by parts
Example:
Integration by trigonometric
substitutions
Example:
Areas under and between
curves
By integration
Example1:
By integration, total shaded area:
Example:

First step is to sketch the curve and determine the limits.

Example:
The area enclosed between curves:
Example:
Example:
Mean and root mean square
values
The mean value

• When the area under a

curve may be obtained by
integration then:

• For a periodic function, such as a sine wave, the mean value is

assumed to be ‘the mean value over half a cycle’, since the
mean value over a complete cycle is zero.
Example:
The root mean square value
Example:

• The r.m.s. value is given as:

Volumes of solids of revolution
• If the area under the curve y = f (x), between x = a and x = b is
rotated 360° about the x-axis, then a volume known as a solid
of revolution is produced as shown below
The volume of solid can be determined precisely using integration.
• If a curve x = f (y), between y = c and y = d is rotated 360°
about the y-axis, then the volume generated is given by:
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
TERIMA KASIH