MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY,GORAKHPUR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON
MINIMIZING PENALTY IN INDUSTRIAL POWER CONSUMPTION BY
ENGAGING AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION UNIT (APFC)

PRESENTED BY-
GUIDED BY- SHIKHA MAURYA (2015031079)
Prof. K.G UPADHYAY ARADHANBHARATI(2015031030)
RICHA PANDEY(2015031057)
SATAYAM MISHRA(2015031073)
SANDEEP CHAURASIYA(2015031068)
 CONTENT
 Introduction
 Block Diagram
 Working Principle
 Circuit Diagram
 Zero cross detector
 Power factor measurement
 Microcontroller
 Flow Chart
 Relay and Capacitor Banks
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
 This project report represents one of the most effective automatic power factor
improvements.
 Static capacitors which will be controlled by a Microcontroller with very low
cost.
 Standard value of power factor is set into the Microcontroller IC.
 Potential Transformer and Current Transformers are used for power factor
measurement.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 Power supply is given to the circuit.

 Power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC.
 In case of deviations , microcontroller activates relay.
 Relay senses and connects the capacitor.
 The capacitor is connected parallel across the load by relay.
 The APFC unit controls PF by activating/deactivating capacitors.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ZERO CROSS DETECTOR
 This is one type of voltage comparator , used to detect a sine waveform
transition from positive and negative , that coincides when the input
crosses the zero voltage condition.
POWER FACTOR MEASUREMENT

The output from the zero crossing detectors fed to EXOR gate that
gives resultant phase difference between voltage and current.
 MICROCONTROLLER

 Microcontroller it is an electronic clock driven reprogrammable device

which can take some digital data , process the data and gives us to required
output data.
FLOW CHART
RELAY
Relay outputs are provided which operate to connect or disconnect the
capacitor banks depending upon of the power factor conditions.
CAPACITOR BANKS
Capacitor bank is an assembly of number of capacitors which are used
to contribute KVAR in the electrical system and finally improve the power
factor.
 ADVANTAGES

 Reduction in KVA demand.

 Reduction in Line current.
 Avoid power factor penalties.
 Reduction in transformer rating.
 Reduction in line loss.
 Reduction in cable/bus bar size.
 DISADVANTAGES

 They have short service life.

 Once the capacitor is damaged, their repairing is
uneconomical.
 APFC unit is more expensive than static capacitor bank
unit.
 This unit will not work for capacitive loads.
APPLICATION

 To improve power factor of inductive load such as Induction

Motors.
 A high power factor is generally desirable in a transmission system
to reduce transmission losses and improve voltage.
 It provides good voltage regulation and can be used at substations.
 CONCLUSION

 This paper shows an efficient technique to improve the power factor of a

power system by an economical way.
 Static capacitors are invariably used for power factor improvement in
factories or distribution line. But this paper presents a system that uses
capacitors only when power factor is low otherwise they are cut off from
line.
 For high rating load this capacitor method may be insufficient and we can
use Synchronous machine for that. We can control the excitation of the
synchronous machine in order to control power factor of the load.