Chapter 12: Static Equilibrium and Elasticity

Engr. Silverio V. Magday Jr, ECT, ARO-C

 EQUILIBRIUM

• conditions for equilibrium

• the object is at rest relative to the observer and

so has no linear or angular speed
CENTER OF GRAVITY
 Sample Problem 1:
• The mass of the earth is 81% the mass of
the moon. The distance between the
centers of the earth and the moon is 60
times the radius of earth R = 6400 km.
Find the center of mass of the earth–moon
system.
EQUILIBRIUM
 Sample Problem 2:
• Hang a 50kg mass with ropes making
angles of 30° and 45° as shown in Fig..
Calculate the tension in the ropes.
 Sample Problem 3:
• In the arrangement shown in Figure, what
is the minimum coefficient of friction to
prevent the 8.0kg mass from sliding?
 Sample Problem 4:
• A ladder leaning against a smooth wall
makes an angle α with the horizontal when
in a position of limiting equilibrium. What is
the coefficient of friction
 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

• Stress is a quantity that is proportional to the force

causing a deformation; more specifically, stress is the
external force acting on an object per unit cross sectional
area. The result of a stress is strain, which is a measure
of the degree of deformation.
• three types of deformation
Young’s Modulus: Elasticity in
Length

• We define the tensile stress as the ratio of the magnitude of the

external force F to the cross-sectional area A, where the cross
section is perpendicular to the force vector. The tensile strain in this
case is defined as the ratio of the change in length ∆ L to the original
length Li
 Shear Modulus: Elasticity of
Shape

• the shear stress as F/A, the ratio of the tangential force

to the area A of the face being sheared. The shear
strain is defined as the ratio ∆x/h, where ∆x is the
horizontal distance that the sheared face moves and h is
the height of the object.
 Bulk Modulus: Volume
Elasticity

• The volume stress is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the

total force F exerted on a surface to the area A of the surface. The
quantity P = F/A is called pressure. If the pressure on an object
changes by an amount ∆P = ∆F/A, the object experiences a volume
change DV. The volume strain is equal to the change in volume ∆ V
divided by the initial volume Vi.
 Sample Problem 5:
• A steel wire of diameter 1 mm can support
a tension of 0.2 kN. A steel cable to
support a tension of 20 kN should have
diameter of what order of magnitude?
 Sample Problem 6:
• Problem 12.17