Animal Tissues - Epithelial &

Muscular
Anirud Rathy
Epithelial Tissues
 Epithelial tissues are widespread throughout the body.
They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body
cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in
glands.
 Opposite the free surface, the cells are attached to
underlying connective tissue by a non-cellular basement
membrane.
Types Of Epithelial Tissues
 There are three types of epithelial tissues
1. Squamous Epithelial Tissues
2. Cuboidal Epithelial Tissues
3. Columnar Epithelial Tissues
Squamous Epithelial Tissues

Basement Memberane

Simple Squamous Epitheal

Stratified Squamous Epitheal`

Function
 Functions of Simple Squamous Epithelium.
Theseepithelia are common where absorption or
transport of materials is important. They also play
a role in diffusion, osmosis and filtration. This makes them
important in the kidney, in the alveoli of lungs and in the
walls of capillaries.
Location
 Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries,
alveoli, glomeruli, and other tissues where rapid diffusion
is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nuclei.
It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like
appearance
Cuboidal Epithelial Tissues
Function
 Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in organs that are
specialized for secretion, such as salivary glands and
thyroid follicles, and those that are specialized for
diffusion, such as the kidney tubules. As its name implies,
this tissue consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells on
the basement membrane.
Location
 Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in organs that are
specialized for secretion, such as salivary glands and
thyroid follicles, and those that are specialized for
diffusion, such as the kidney tubules. As its name implies,
this tissue consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells on
the basement membrane.
Columnar Epithelial Tissues

Cytoplasm
Neucleus

Basement memberane
Function
 Simple columnar epithelia with microvilli secrete
digestive enzymes and absorb digested food.
Simple columnar epithelia with cilia aid in the
movement of mucus and reproductive cells. Columnar
epithelial cells are epithelial cells whose height is at
least four times their width.
Location
 A simple columnar epithelium is a columnar
epithelium that is uni-layered. In humans, a
simplecolumnar epithelium lines most organs of the
digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and
large intestine. Simple columnar epithelia line the
uterus.
Muscular Tissues
Muscular Tissue
 Muscle tissue is a soft tissue that
composes muscles in animal bodies and gives rise
to muscles' ability to contract. This is opposed to other
components or tissues in musclesuch as tendons or
perimysium. It is formed during embryonic development
through a process known as myogenesis.
Types Of Muscular Tissues
 There are three types of muscular tissues
1. Straited Muscular Tissues
2. Smooth Muscular Tissues
3. Cardiac Muscular Tissues
Straited Muscular Tissues
Function
 The Striated Muscle. The muscles are fibrous,
dense tissues, whose primaryfunction is to allow the
body to move by repeated contraction and relaxation.
Besides movement, the muscle is also responsible for
maintaining posture, stabilizing the joints, and producing
body heat through muscle function.
Location
 Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow
visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped,
and are also under involuntary control. Skeletal
musclefibers occur in muscles which are attached to
the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are
under voluntary control.
Smooth Muscular Tissue
Function
 Each type of muscle tissue in the human body has a
unique structure and a specific role.
Skeletal musclemoves bones and other structures.
Cardiac musclecontracts the heart to pump blood.
The smooth muscle tissue that forms organs like the
stomach and bladder changes shape to facilitate
bodily functions.
Location
 Each type of muscle tissue in the human body has a
unique structure and a specific role. Skeletal muscle
moves bones and other structures. Cardiac muscle
contracts the heart to pump blood. The smooth muscle
tissue that forms organs like the stomach and bladder
changes shape to facilitate bodily functions.
Cardiac Muscular Tissue
Function
 Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or
myocardium) is one of three types of
vertebrate muscles, with the other two being skeletal
and smooth muscles. It is an involuntary,
striated musclethat constitutes the main tissue of the
walls of the heart.
Location
 Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of
the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary
control. Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of
hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-
shaped, and are also under involuntary control.
Anirud Rathy
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