CONJUNCTION

REPORT BY ELLEANOR FREI R. ALMEDA

Conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, clauses
or sentences.

Ex. He thought for a moment and wrote his answer afterwards.

I waited for him but he didn’t come.
You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.
I didn’t attend the meeting last week because I had colds.
According to number of words combined, conjunctions
are classified as:

1. Single word Conjunction: Conjunction having

one word e.g. for, and, nor, or, yet, so, after, although, as,
because, before, even, if, lest, now, since, once, provided,
supposing, than, that, though, til, unless, until, when,
whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which,
while, who, whoever, and why.
2. Compound Conjunction: Conjunction having two or more words e.g. as if, as long
as, as far as, as well as, as soon as, as though, as much as, in as much as, just as, in order
that, even if, even though, if only, if when, if then, so that, now that, now when, provided
that, rather than, where if, both/and, not only/but also, either/or, neither/nor, whether/or,
as/as, such/that, scarcely/when, as many/as, no sooner/than, rather/than.

There are three types of Conjunction in terms of Use,These are:

1. Coordinating Conjunctions connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences.

Ex.
and but or nor for
yet so although because since
unless when while where
Coordinating conjunction joins two equal parts of a sentence:

a. Word + word
Example: Mary and Maria are both married.
b. Phrase + phrase
Example: She may be in her room or in the garden.
c. Clause + clause:
Example: Unless you kneel down or beg for forgiveness, I cannot forgive you.
d. Independent clause + independent clause:
Example: Eula harvests the apples while Cynthia brings the apples to the storage
room.

Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join. A
comma is used with conjunction if the clauses are long or well-balanced.
If both clauses have same subjects, the subject of second clause may not be written
again.

Ex. She worked hard and passed the exam.

Mary wished to be slim but never tried to exercise.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions join subordinate clause to main clause.

Ex.
although because if before since
till until when whenever after
no matter how provided that as soon as even if
how where once while
Subordinate clause is a combination of words (subject and verb) which cannot stand
alone as a complete sentence.

Subordinate clause is also called dependent clause because it is dependent on the main
clause.

MAIN CLAUSE + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

Example: I bought some cookies while I was coming from my office.
I have gone to many places since I have travelled many times in US.
You can win the contest provided that you work hard for it.
They played football although it was raining.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE

Example: Before you go to bed, wash your feet.
Although she was too shy, she performed well on the stage.
As far as I know, this exam is very difficult.
3. Correlative Conjunction
These are paired conjunctions which connect two equal grammatical items such as
words, phrases or clauses. The most commonly used correlative conjunctions are as follows:
Either … or Both … and Whether … or

Not only … but also Neither … nor

Either … or
Ex: Buy me either milk or a coffee.
Both … and
Ex: Both red and black are my favorite colors.
Whether … or
Ex: He needs you right now, whether you like it or not.
Not only … But also
Ex: Honey can speak not only Filipino but also Korean, Japanese and English.
Neither … nor
Ex: Neither Tom nor Ron finished his assignment.
F - For
A - And
N - Nor
B - But
O - Or
Y - Yet
S - So