Applications of Biochemical

Engineering
 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING: Branch of chemical
engineering that’s deals with the design and construction of
unit processes that involve biological organisms & chemical
synthesis to obtain various useful products.
MAIN APPLICATIONS :
1)DRUG PROCESS INDUSTRY
2)AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
3)BIO-INFORMATICS & MEDICAL
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
4)BIOMATERIAL INDUSTRY
5)BIORESOURCES PRODUCTION
 1)DRUG PROCESS INDUSTRY:
-It is the production of industrial scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs
in used for medication and healthcare.

Organisms and their derivatives:

ORGANISM DERIVATIVES USES
 PENICILLIUM N. PENICILLIN ANTIBACTERIAL
 STREPTOMYCES STREPTOMYCIN ANTIBIOTICS
 TOLYPOCLADIUM CYCLOSPORIN IMMUNOSUPPRESANT
 LEECH HEPARIN ANTICOAGULANT
 PLANT PIGMENT FLAVANOID CANCER TREATMENT
 MAIN PROCESSES IN DRUG PRODUCTION:
1)RESEARCH & DEVLOPMENT: This basically involves the
work directed towards new inovation, introduction and
improvement of products and processes.

2)MODIFICATION & REPLICATION : This process involves

modification of the derivatives obtained into better supplements
and produce the newly obtained product in large scale.
3) TESTING AND RELEASE: The drugs produced are tested on
animals to study for any side-effects before human trails and if
approved safe are released for use by general public .

4)LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING: This

newly obtained drug is to be produced in vast amount and
packed and sent off to various pharmaceutical outlets to be
consumed by general public.
 2)AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY:
With the evolution of biochemical science new better varieties of crops
are synthesized by gene alteration. The benefits of this are :
(i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt,
heat).
(ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
(iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses.
(iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early
exhaustion of fertility of soil).
(v) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., Vitamin ‘A’ enriched rice.
 Some genetically modified crops :
Crop Variety Modified variety Disease resistant Enriched values
Rice Jaya & Ratna Black rust High Iron
Wheat Himgiri Leaf rust Vitamin A
Cauliflower Pusa Subhra Black rot Vitamin B
Chilli Pusa Sadabahar Mosaic virus Vitamin D
Okra Pusa Sawani Shoot borer Flavanoid

PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS INDUSTRIES:

Fertilizers & Pesticides: This are chemical compounds that are used to promote plant
growth and reduce pest and insect attack to get better yield.
Fertilizers: nitrogen potash, phosphorous, aldol acetic acid, etc
Pesticides: insectisides, herbicides, fungicides,etc
 3)BIO-INFORMATICS & MEDICAL
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

Bioinformatics: the interdisciplinary science what deals with the study and
recording of the chemical components of the cell that are responsible for body
functions and heredity .

Biomedical science: set of applied science used for intervention of applied and
formal science to increase knowledge, devlopment and technology in healthcare
and public health.
i)Uses of Bioinformatics:
1)Human Genome Project
2)Studying gene related diseases
3)Recognizing the fatal genes
4)DNA fingerprinting
5)Help provide genetic counselling

ii)Uses of Bio-medical science:

1)Tissue Engineering
2)Gene therapy
3)Molecular Medicines
4)Nanomedicines
5)Vacine and Virology
 4)Biomaterials industry:
A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems. As
a science, biomaterials is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called bio
materials science. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many
companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products.
Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue
engineering and materials science. Biomaterials can be derived either from nature or
synthesized in the laboratory using a variety of chemical approaches utilizing metallic
components, polymers, ceramics or composite materials. They are often used and/or adapted
for a medical application, and thus comprises whole or part of a living structure or
biomedical device which performs, augments, or replaces a natural function.
Biosensor & Bioelectrics: The
emerging field of Bioelectronics seeks to
exploit biology in conjunction with
electronics in a wider context
encompassing, for example, biological
fuel cells, bionics and biomaterials for
information processing, information
storage, electronic components and
actuators. A key aspect is the interface
between biological materials and
micro- and nano-electronics.
BioCeramics & Bioglasses:
Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic
materials that are an important subset of
biomaterials. Bioceramics range in
biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides,
which are inert in the body, to the other
extreme of resorbable materials, which are
eventually replaced by the body after they
have assisted repair.Bioceramics are
typically used as rigid materials in surgical
implants, though some bioceramics are
flexible.
 5)BIORESOURCES PRODUCTION
i) Fossil fuels: a natural fuel such as coal or gas formed in the geological past
from the remains of living organisms.

Methods for processing of fossil fuels:

i)Detection of reserves of fossil fuels- in this process large reserves of fossil fuels are detected by
geologist.
ii)Upstream processing of fossil fuels- here the natural resources are dig up from beneath the earth by
mining and drilling.
iii)Downstream processing of fossil fuels- in this process the acquired raw material like coal and crude
oil are processed by boiling to get final product.
In todays world most of worlds
Energy sources are dependent on
Fossil Fuels but fossil fuels are
not conventional form of energy
because:
i)they are non-renewable and
hence limited in amount.
ii)they cause lot of pollution which
cause global warming and may
other harmful diseases.
BIOFUELS
A better alternative to fossil fuels are biofuels which are
derivatives of biotic component hence less polluting and not limited to us and is cheaper
than fossil fuels and are also biodegradable and safer for environment.
 Biofuel Industry: consists mostly of fatty acid methy.
The world's fuels for road transport. Feedstocks for biodiesel include animal
Global ethanol fuel production reached fats, vegetable oils, soy, rapeseed,
86 billion liters in 2010, with the United jatropha, mahua, mustard, flax,
States and Brazil as the world's top sunflower, palm oil, hemp, etc. Pure
producers, accounting together for 90% biodiesel (B100) currently reduces
emissions with up to 60%.
of global production. The production of
biofuels also led into a flourishing
automotive industry, where by 2010,
79% of all cars produced in Brazil were
made with a hybrid fuel system of
bioethanol and gasoline. The increase in
demand of biofuel has increased
production rate in biofuel industry and
better alternatives are being researched
everyday.
BioDiesel: It the most common
biofuel in Europe. It is produced from
oils or fats using transesterification and
is a liquid similar in composition to
fossil/mineral diesel. Chemically, it
BioGasoline: Biologically produced
alcohols, most commonly ethanol, and
less commonly propanol and butanol, are
produced by the action of
microorganisms and enzymes through
the fermentation of sugars or starches
(easiest), or cellulose . Biobutanol (also
called biogasoline) is often claimed to
provide a direct replacement for gasoline,
because it can be used directly in a
gasoline engine through the fermentation
of sugars or starches (easiest), or
cellulose.
BioPetrol: Blue petroleum also called
Biopetrol is a alternative to daily use
petroleum.The industrial process capable
of solving two fundamental problems in
our current system of life. On the one
hand, neutralizing the CO2 emitted into
the atmosphere, transforming the
international discussion about the
problem of pollutant emissions into a
solution to the second major problem -
the need for an inexhaustible energy
source of raw material able to
progressively replace fossil oil.