INNOVATION IN

ELECTRIC MOTORS
STUDENT: HERALDO RUBEN FORTUNA CHUCHÓN
CODE: 20131057K
SCHEDULE:

• 1. LAMINATIONS
• 2. MAGNETS
• 3. WINDINGS
• 4. HEAT DISSIPATION
• 5. SOURCES
LAMINATIONS

• Today we use more and more iron-cobalt laminations, characterized by better performances in
electromagnetic behavior, a wider range of use before the saturation and low loss figures, with induction
and frequencies unchanged, compared to other materials such as iron and silicon.
• On the other hand, cobalt-iron has lower performance stress values than iron-silicon and, therefore, for
high-speed applications with notable mechanical stresses, optimization and manufacturing techniques can
become crucial.
• Iron losses are also reduced by the strong stator and rotor stacks: the more we reduce the thickness of
these laminations, the more we reduce losses due to Foucault effect.
• The trend that prevails today is to have laminations of approximately 0.2 mm, even with current. In
cutting techniques we can obtain laminates of only 55 μm.
MAGNETS

• In the industrial sector but also in the automotive sector, neodymium-iron-boron

(NdFeB) is widely used.
• Another type of magnet is Samarium-Cobalt (SmCo) which, although it is more
expensive, has higher BHmax values than the first for temperatures that exceed 150/180
° C, but lower values for lower temperatures.
• The SmCo magnet has higher remanence values at high temperatures and is less affected
by demagnetization problems, with higher intrinsic coercivity values than other types.
WINDINGS

• "We are seeing increasing use, especially in the automotive industry, of hairpins, and then
enameled copper bars that are used to form windings within the stator slots. The benefits
are immediate thanks to the greater amount of conductive material that can be inserted
in the slots, leaving less empty spaces between the conductors and also improving the
capacity of heat dissipation ».
• The fill factor, then the ratio between the copper area and the groove area generally
reaches values ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 by the use of copper wires.
HEAT DISSIPATIONS

• There are different ways to dissipate heat and each form has a different efficiency.
• In industries, we usually opt for natural convection cooling, widely used for brushless
motors or for air forced systems that are often used in asynchronous winged enclosures.
• We perform the air flow (moved by a fan connected to the shaft or driven by a
secondary motor) in the external cabinet of the motor, increasing the heat exchange that
would occur with standard convection.
• However, the yields that we can obtain from these systems are far from those desired for
high power density motors.
SOURCES:

• https://www.controleng.com/articles/innovations-in-electric-motor-technology-the-first-
100-years/
• https://www.electricmotorengineering.com/electric-motor-what-is-the-real-innovation/