ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

-Enforcement Gaps
-Solutions
Group 3
• UNICEF’s Air Pollution
Report says that outdoor air
pollution is most common
in low-income, urban areas
and is caused by vehicle
emissions, heavy use of fossil
fuels, dust, and burning of
waste.
• In the Philippines, air
pollution is a problem that
cuts among demographics,
affecting rich and poor
people alike.
Philippine Climate Change Act of 2007

The bill seeks to create a national framework

program on climate change mitigation,
adaptation and communication and establish
mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from energy, power, transport and
manufacturing sectors to usher in a low-carbon
revolution in the Philippines, and
institutionalize the country’s commitments to
international effort to address the problem on
Climate change.
To decrease the environmental health risk of
air pollution by improving the linkage of air
quality and health monitoring, reviewing the
air quality index, and strengthening the
health impact assessment for projects and
activities that may cause air pollution.
 In spite of this, since
1992, the Government of the
Philippines has been pursuing
an aggressive policy to
revitalize the mining industry,
potentially opening 30 per cent
of the country’s land area to
mining. It has promised that
mining will be carried out to
full international standards
and that environmental and
social problems will be
addressed effectively.
 BEFORE
Typical Family farm
Dwelling in Canatuan

EXPANSION PLANS

A Family Hone after

Mining begins

NOW
Current Mining Area on
the Subanon’s sacred
mountain, Mt. Canatuan
 IMPLEMENTATION
ENVIRONMENTAL
OF LAWS AND
AND SOCIAL
ENFORCEMENT OF
IMPACTS OF MINING
REGULATIONS

The principal laws that regulate the mining industry are

Republic Act No. 7942, otherwise known as the
Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (the Mining Act), and its
implementing rules and regulations, DENR
Administrative Order No. 2010-21 (Mining Act IRR). In
2012, Executive Order No. 79 (Institutionalising and
Implementing Reforms in the Philippine Mining Sector,
Providing Policies and Guidelines to Ensure
Environmental Protection and Responsible Mining in the
Utilisation of Mineral Resources) (EO 79) was issued as
the policy of the Aquino administration. EO 79 instituted
reforms such as a review of the performance of existing
mining operations and cleansing of non-moving mining
rights holders, imposed a moratorium against the
issuance of mineral agreements (MAs) until the
enactment of legislation rationalising existing revenue
sharing schemes and mechanisms, and constituted the
Mining Industry Coordinating Council, among others. The
Duterte administration has not issued any order that has
repealed, amended or replaced EO 79.
ADDRESSING THE GAPS
The MGB and the Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB), another line bureau of the DENR, advise the
secretary on matters relating to environmental
management, formulate plans and policies on
environmental quality standards.
 PROBLEMS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS
 The severe lack of government personnel with the appropriate technical expertise and a grossly inadequate budget for
E monitoring mining operations severely reduces the capability of regulators to ensure the compliance of firms to the provisions
N of the Mining Act.
F
O Many local governments do not have the capability to estimate the projected benefits of mining, and even the DENR has
R relatively few experts on natural resource valuation as most left the agency to become consultants in the private sector
C (Landingan, 2008).
E
M The enforcement of regulations is slow, erratic and inefficient, as the agencies are swamped with a large number of
E applications from mining companies, and many existing firms are not effectively monitored and penalized for violations
N (Economic Intelligence Unit, 2007).
T
 Bureaucratic red tape in the approval of permits by local and national government is slowing the rehabilitation of existing
G mines and the development of new ones (Chase and Lugue, 2006).
A
P  The lack of monitoring personnel from the regulatory agencies will also make it difficult to determine and verify the extent
and volume of mineral extraction and processing making it difficult for government to assess its fair share of benefits to be
S
obtained from mining operations.

 Poor governance as manifested by the presence of graft and corruption among officials of the regulatory agencies will also
obstruct the full implementation of the law. If reforms to eradicate graft and corruption are not imposed, non of the provisions
of the Mining Act will be effectively implemented leading to more mining induced environmental disasters and the loss of
resources to private interest without government getting its fair share of benefits.
INEFFICIENT SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 CAUSES

(1) LACK OF AWARENESS

(2) LACK OF DISCIPLINE

(3) LACK OF FUNDS

 EFFECTS

• SOIL POLLUTION

• WATER POLLUTION

• AIR POLLUTION

• ADVERSE EFFECT ON HUMAN

HEALTH
 REPUBLIC ACT 9003
January 26, 2001

ENFORCEMENT
GAP- RA 9003
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM,
CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL
MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING
CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
 (c) Collection and Transfer - The plan shall take into account the
geographic subdivisions to define the coverage of the solid waste

Section 17. collection area in every barangay.

The barangay shall be responsible for ensuring that a 100%
collection efficiency from residential, commercial, industrial and
The agricultural sources,
where necessary within its area of coverage, is achieved.
Components Toward this end, the plan shall define and identify the specific
strategies and activities to be undertaken by its component
barangays, taking into account the following concerns:
of the Local (1)Availability and provision of properly designed containers or
receptacles in selected collection points for the temporary storage
Government of solid waste while awaiting collection and transfer
(2) to processing sites or to final disposal sites;

Solid Waste (3) Segregation of different types of solid waste for re-use, recycling
and composting;

Management (4) Hauling and transfer of solid waste from source or collection
points to processing sites or final disposal sites;
(5) Issuance and enforcement of ordinances to effectively implement
Plan a collection system in the barangay; and
(6) Provision of properly trained officers and workers to handle solid
waste disposal.
What can we do about it?

1. Decompose

2. Recycle
3. Buy products that are good for the
environment.

4. Help in the full implementation of

the law.

References:https://www.change.org/p/waste-management-
improper-waste-disposal-and-littering-355e5196-4624-4a74-830e-
5ab1cd44817b
Illegal Logging

Photo taken on September 26, 2017 shows environmental

para-enforcers from the Palawan NGO Network Inc
(PNNI), resting at an illegal logging site on Palawan island
in the Philippines. Karl Malakunas, AFP
Illegal logging and deforestation is one
of the largest environmental problems
of the modern age.
• P.D. 705
• Revising Presidential Decree No. 389, Otherwise Known As The Forestry Reform Code Of The Philippines

• E.O. 192, S. 1987

• Providing For The Reorganization Of The Department Of Environment, Energy And Natural Resources;
Renaming It As The Department Of Environment And Natural Resources And For Other Purposes
• 2019
• DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER
• DAO 2019-03
Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Executive Order No. 193, Series of 2015: Expanding and
Enhancing the Coverage of the National Greening Program
• 2018
• DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER
• DAO 2018-21
Adoption of the Lawin Forest and Biodiversity Protection System as a National Strategy for Forest and
Biodiversity Protection in the Philippines
• DAO 2018-16
Guidelines in the Processing and Issuance of Permits on the Removal and Relocation of Trees Affected by
DPWH Projects
• DAO 2018-09
Amending Section 3 of DENR Administrative Order No. 2003 - 24 Implementing Republic Act No. 9175
Otherwise Known as Chainsaw Act of 2002
• DAO 2018-08
Guidelines for the Implementation of Republic Act No. 9772: "An Act Imposing a Logging Ban in the Province
of Southern Leyte"
• JOINT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER
• JAO 2018-01
Guidelines on the Registration of Land Conveyances Confiscated Pursuant to
Section 77-A of Presidential Decree No.705, as Amended
• 2015
• EXECUTIVE ORDER
• E.O. No. 193
Expanding the Coverage of the National Greening Program
• REPUBLIC ACT
• R.A. No. 10690
An act regulating the practice of forestry in the Philippines and appropriating
funds therefor, repealing for the purpose republic act numbered six thousand two
hundred thirty-nine (R.A. No. 6239), known as "The Forestry Profession Law"
• 2014
• JOINT MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR
• JMC 2014-01
Guidelines for the Implementation of the DPWH-DENR-DSWD Partnership on the
Tree Replacement Project
What contributes to Illegal Logging in the
Philippines
• Lack of Law Enforcement

• Corruption of the authorities is also a huge problem

• People living in the Western world also contribute

indirectly to illegal logging by buying paper or other
wood products which are not certified as from a
sustainable source.