Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Training for
first responders
FIRST
AID •Immediate care given
to a person who has
been injured or
suddenly taken ill
•Includes self-help or
home care if medical
assistance is not
available or delayed
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
OF A FIRST RESPONDER
1. Bridge that fills the gap between the
patient/victim and the physician
2.Ensure safety of him/herself and that of
bystander.
3.Gain access to the patient/victim.
4.Determine any threats to patient/victim’s life.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
OF A FIRST RESPONDER
5.Summon more advanced medical care as
needed.
6.Provide needed care for the patient/victim.
7.Assist more advanced personnel.
8.Record all finding and care given to the
patient/victim.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST RESPONDER
1. GENTLE should not cause pain.
1. To alleviate suffering
3. To prolong life
HINDRANCES IN GIVING
FIRST AID
1. Unfavorable
Surroundings
PERSONAL HYGIENE
BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND
PRACTICES
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND
PRACTICES
Equipment cleaning and
disinfecting
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
1. Basic Equipment
• Spine Board and Spider
Strap
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
Short Board / Kendrick’s Extrication
Device
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Sets of Splints
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Cotton balls
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Gauze Pads
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Tongue Depressor
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Penlight
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Band Aid
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Gloves
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Scissors
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Forceps
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Bandages (triangular)
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Occlusive Dressings
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES
• Plaster
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
3. Other materials commonly used in First Aid
• DRESSING any sterile cloth material used
to cover the wound
NERVOUS SYSTEM
is the system that
transmits impulses
throughout the body
BODY SYSTEMS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is the system that
supplies oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
from the blood
BODY SYSTEMS
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
is the system that
transports oxygen,
food and water, and
removes waste
products
BODY SYSTEMS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
is the system that
absorbs food and
eliminate some
waste products
BODY SYSTEMS
URINARY SYSTEM is the system that removes
waste products
BODY SYSTEMS
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM is the system that
propagates species
BODY SYSTEMS
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
is the system that gives form to
the body, allow bodily movement,
provide protection to the vital
internal organs, produce red
blood cells and serves as a
reservoir of calcium, phosphorus
and other important body
chemicals
BODY SYSTEMS
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM is the system that
controls body temperature and appreciate
sensation
BODY REGIONS
Cranial Cavity - Brain
Spinal Cavity - Spinal Cord
Thoracic Cavity - Lungs - Heart
Abdominal Cavity - Liver - Kidneys
- Pancreas - Spleen
- Stomach - Intestines
Pelvic Cavity - Bladder - Rectum
- Reproductive Organs
GUIDELINES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
GETTING STARTED
1. PLANNING OF ACTION
4. INSTRUCTION TO HELPER/S
Proper information and instruction to a
helper/s would provide organized first aid care.
Emergency Action Principles
LLERGIES
EDICATION/S
Child 18 – 25/minute
Infant 25 – 35/minute
- Determine skin appearance
Look at the victim’s face and lips.
Record skin appearance, temperature,
moisture, and color.
ONTUSION ENDERNESS
ACERATION
BRASION
UNCTURE WELLING
• Check and compare pupils of both eyes
a. Dilated pupils - involve bleeding and state of shock
TRANSFER
moving a patient from one place to
another after giving first aid
Factors to be considered in the selection
of choosing the transfer method:
1. Nature and severity of the injury
2. Size of the victim
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider
4. Number of personnel and equipment available
5. Nature of evacuation route
6. Distance to be covered
7. Gender of the victims (last consideration)
Pointers to be observed
during transfer
1. Victim’s airway must be maintained open.
2. Hemorrhage is controlled.
3. Victim is safely maintained in the proper
position.
4. Regular check of the victim’s condition is
made.
5. Supporting bandages and dressings remain
effectively applied.
Pointers to be observed
during transfer
6. The method of transfer is safe, comfortable
and as speedy as circumstances permit.
7. The patient’s body is moved as one unit.
8. The taller first aiders stay at the head side of
the victim.
9. First aiders/bearers must observe ergonomics
in lifting and moving of patient.
METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
• Assist to walk
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Carry in arms (cradle)
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Pack strap carry
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Piggy back carry
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Fireman’s carry
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Fireman’s drag
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Armpits/shoulder drag
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Foot drag
METHODS OF TRANSFER
2. Two man assist/carries
• Assist to walk
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Four-hand seat
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Hands as a litter
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Carry by extremities
METHODS OF TRANSFER
• Fireman’s Carry with Assistance
METHODS OF TRANSFER
3. Three man carries
• Hammock carry
METHODS OF TRANSFER
3. Three man carries
• Bearers alongside
METHODS OF TRANSFER
4. Improvised Stretcher using two poles with:
• Blanket
• Empty Sacks
• Shirts or coats
• Triangular Bandages
INITIAL
TRIAGE
AND
TAGGING
TRIAGE is a process used in sorting
patients/victims into categories of priority for
care and transport based on the severity of
injuries and medical emergencies
TAGGING OF PATIENT
RED TAG
Priority one; needs immediate care; life
threatening
TAGGING OF PATIENT
YELLOW TAG
Priority two; needs urgent care; can delay
transport and treatment to one hour
TAGGING OF PATIENT
GREEN TAG
Priority three; delayed care; can delay
transport up to three hours
TAGGING OF PATIENT
BLACK TAG
Priority four; no care required;
patient/victim is dead
INITIAL TRIAGE
AND TAGGING
hematoma
first aid
management
OLD
COMPRESSION
PLINTING
open wound
1. PUNCTURE WOUND
-Deep and narrow, serious or slight bleeding
Causes:
penetrating pointed instruments such as nails,
ice picks, daggers and etc.
2. ABRASION WOUND
- Shallow, wide,
oozing of blood and
dirty
Causes:
scrapping or rubbing
against rough
surfaces.
3. LACERATED WOUND
- torn with irregular
edges, serious or slight
bleeding
Causes:
blunt instruments
such as shrapnel,
rocks, broken glasses
etc.
4. AVULSION WOUND
- Tissue forcefully
separated from the
body.
Causes:
explosion, animal
bites, mishandling of
tools and etc.
5. INCISION WOUND
- Clean cut, deep,
severe bleeding,
wound is clean.
Causes:
sharp bladed
instruments such as
blades razors and
etc.
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
IN WOUND w/ SEVERE BLEEDING
1. Control bleeding
2. Cover the wound w/ dressing and secure w/
a bandage.
3. Care for shock
4. Consult or refer to physician.
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
IN WOUND w/ BLEEDING NOT SEVERE
1. Clean the wound with
soap and water
•Relieve pain by
immersing the burned
area in cold water or by
applying a wet, cold cloth.
Abdominal Injuries
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Open Phase
1. Head (topside)
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Open Phase
2. Face; Back of the Head
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Open Phase
3. Chest; Back of chest
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Open Phase
4. Hand; Foot
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Cravat Phase
1. Forehead; Eye
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Cravat Phase
2. Ear; Cheek; Jaw
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Cravat Phase
3. Shoulder; Hip
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Cravat Phase
4. Arm; Leg
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
Use of Triangular Bandage
Cravat Phase
5. Elbow; Knee (straight; bent)
Is the sudden,
painful tightening of
a muscle
Muscle
cramps/spasm
First Aid Management:
• Have the victim stretch out the affected
muscle to counteract the cramp.
• Massage the cramped muscle firmly but
gently.
• Apply heat. Moist heat is more effective than
dry heat.
• Get medical help if cramps persist.
Muscle strain
What to do?
SEIZURE
What to do
Provide safe
environment.
Remove all sharp
objects and
cushion the head.
SEIZURE
What to do
Check ABC’s
SEIZURE
What to do
Provide privacy.
SEIZURE
What to do
Loosen tight
clothing.
SEIZURE
What to do
Place patient/victim in side lying
position if without spinal injury.
SEIZURE
What to do
Transport
immediately to
nearest health
facility.
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do?
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do
1. Keep the victim in a
sitting position to reduce
blood pressure.
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do
2. Keep the
victim’s head
tilted slightly
forward.
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do
3. Pinch the
middle part of the
nose for 5
minutes.
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do
4. Advise the victim
to breathe through
his or her mouth.
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do
5. Apply cold
compress to the
nose and forehead.
NOSE BLEEDING
What to do
6. Bring the patient
to the nearest
hospital if bleeding
does not stop.
DIABETES
is a condition that
affects the way
the body uses
food. It causes the
sugar level in the
blood to be too
high
TYPES OF EMERGENCY
DIABETES
HYPOGLYCEMIA/ INSULIN SHOCK
occurs when too much insulin is in the body