CLASSIFICATIO

N
OF
 DEFINITION OF BURN

Injuries that result from direct contact with or

exposure to any thermal, chemical, electrical
or radiation source are termed as burns.
INCIDENCE
 ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS
 Occupational environment
• Chemicals, tar, hot metals
• Steam pipes
• Combustible fuels
• Fertilizers or pesticides
• Electricity from power lines
• Sparks from electric source
• Explosive automobile accidents
• Poorly stored flammable liquids
• Nuclear radiation accidents
• Use of ionizing radiation in
industry
• Therapeutic irradiation
• Working with fire/flames without
using protective devices
 Domestic/ Residential
environment
• Faulty chimneys
• Faulty fixed heating units
• Open fire places
• Defective central heating system
• Wood burning stove
• Faulty use of pressure cookers
• Improper electric grounding
• Gas stove accidents
• Defective wiring
• Improper storage of flammable
liquids
 Personal/ Habitual causes
• Ignition from Cigarette
• Performing fire stunts
• Suicidal attempts
 CLASSIFICATION OF
BURN INJURY
According to the mechanism of injury
Thermal burns:
• Exposure to hot flames
• flash
• Scalds
• Semi solids or hot objects.
• Sun burn
Chemical burns:
• Caused by contact with strong acids, alkalis or
organic compounds.
Electrical burns:
• Caused by heat that is generated by the
electrical energy as it passes through the body like
• Live wires
• Plug points
• Touching switches with wet hand
• Lighting

Radiation burns:
• It is a least common type of injury caused
by exposure to radio-active source like
• X –ray
• U-v rays
• Radio therapy
According to depth of injury
9
Depth of burn Portion involved Clinical appearance Extension of
healing
Partial thickness epidermis •erythema , 48- 72 hours
Superficia ( first • pain & swelling,
degree) injury •no vesicles or blisters
•Tissue damage usually
minimal
Deep partial – destruction epidermis •fluid filled vesicles that are red 7- 14 days
thickness ( second and upper layers of the ,shiny, wet (if ruptured) ,
degree) injury dermis and injury to •mild to moderate oedema
deeper portions of the •Extremely painful.
dermis
Full thickness total destruction of •dry, waxy white color, visible Healing cant
(third degree) epidermis, dermis and thrombosis vessels insensitivity be predictable.
injury sometimes to pain and pressure .
subcutaneous tissue. •The burned area is painless
because nerve fibers are
destroyed.
•The wound has a leathery
appearance .
•hair follicles and sweat glands
are destroyed.
 -

According to severity of burn injury

based on extend body surface area
burned : (TBSA)
 The methods used to count the
percentage of burns are
• Rule of Nines :
An estimation of the total body surface area
(BSA) involved in a burn is simplified by
using the rule of nines. The system assigns
percentages in multiples of nine to major body
surfaces.
 BODY AREA PERCENTAGE
Head and neck 9%
Right arm 9%
Left arm 9%
Anterior trunk 18%
Posterior trunk 18%
Right leg 18%
Left leg 18%
Perineum 1%

TOTAL: 100%
 OTHER METHODS USED

• LUND AND •PLAM METHOD

BROWDER METHOD
Summary
Evaluation