ACTIVITY

BREAK THE
CODE
Decode each item by simply referring to the letter table
hereunder. To break the codes, just look for the
opposite letter of the code to form the target word.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
EXAMPLE:

C-U-V-Y-V-C-C-V-A-R-F
PHILIPPINES
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1.

Y-V-G-R-E-N-G-H-E-R
LITERATURE
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

2.

C-B-R-G-E-L
POETRY
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

3.

S-B-E-Z-F
FORMS
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

4.

C-E-B-F-R
PROSE
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

5.

T-R-A-E-R
GENRE
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

6.

S-V-P-G-V-B-A
FICTION
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

7.

Q-E-N-Z-N
DRAMA
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

8.

A-B-A-S-V-P-G-V-B-A
NON-FICTION
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

9.

E-U-L-G-U-Z
RHYTHM
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

10.

Y-N-A-T-H-N-T-R
LANGUAGE
•Creative and imaginative expression as exhibited in a literary work can be
established and framed in various forms.
•Each form differs in terms of features and conventions.
•Thus, the way how language is utilized to create a certain pattern or style
is an indicator of a certain form of literature that one may consider.
•Though forms may be different but the attempt to showcase a significant
human experiences is known to be evident in all forms of literature.
MAJOR FORMS OF
LITERATURE
• VIDEO
A. Prose – this prose is mainly ascribe to
be composed freely.
- this form does not have any
measurement scheme for it is known to
have a free-flow of sentences.
 - has a greater irregularity and the
language used in this form is ordinary
for it has a close resemblance to man’s
pattern of everyday speech.
Prose fiction – this is mainly characterized by
scholars as any literary work that is an
imaginative recreation and reconstruction of life.
- type covers short stories and novels in
which these are said to be manifestations of the
creative and imaginative thinking of a particular
writer.
 - recounts the flow and development
of actions and events involving an
identified number of characters who deal
and react to certain conflicts and human
issues.
B. Poetry – it is a form of literature characterized
by its highly controlled manner of choosing and
arranging language with the use of regulating
devices such as for sound and rhythm to
aesthetically convey a meaning which may call
for a specific emotional response.
Poetry – ascribed as the most economical means
of expression since it only uses limited number of
words.
- its beauty is mainly forced by the intricate
and careful use of words, figurative expression,
imagery, rhythm and sound.
OTHER GENRES OF LITERATURE
C. Drama – involves stories involving significant
human encounters which are intended to be
performed on stage.
- involve a certain numbers characters who
also deal with some complications and issues.
 - it presents fictional or
imaginative events presented or
portrayed by actors and actresses
before an audience.
D. Non- fiction – this genre mainly attempts to
present, to interpret, or to describe facts.
- with such, judgements, opinions, and
commentaries may be framed and expressed in
the form of essays, feature articles, editorials
and the like.
POETRY
•Greek term “poesis” which means “to create” or “to
make” is said to be the derivation of the word poetry.
•It is indeed a majestic form of literature for it manifest
aesthetic value relative to how carefully language is
used by a certain poet.
•This is an art of communicating meanings, emotions,
and values which leave an effect or impact on its
readers.
•Evokes emotions, aspirations, conditions despite its
shortness.
•This can be delivered in both spoken or written forms.
•Considers the rhythmic and other tonal
aspects which are perceived to be intricate
and complex.
•The creative use of these aspects may help
in establishing the beauty of poetry.
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Sense of the Poem
Sound of a Poem
Structure of a Poem
ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Sense – this elements it involves diction or

known as the word choice, imagery that can
truly appeal to the senses, and lasting,
figurative expression.
 SENSE OF THE POEM
1. Diction -denotative and connotative meanings/
symbols
 Denotation - dictionary meaning of the word.
 Connotation - suggested or implied meaning
associated with a word beyond its dictionary
definition
SENSE OF THE POEM
2. Imagery - otherwise known as “sense of the
mind”.
- use of sensory details or descriptions that
appeal to one or more of the five senses: sight,
hearing, touch, taste and smell.
SENSE OF THE POEM
3. Figures of Speech - these are specific devices or
a kind of figurative language that uses words,
phrases, and sentences in a non-literal definition but,
rather gives meanings in abstractions.
LITERAL VS. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

•LITERAL LANGUAGE – You say exactly what you

mean. You make no comparison, and you do not
exaggerate or understate the situation.
•FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE – You DON’T say exactly
what you mean. You DO compare, exaggerate, and
understate the situation. You use similes,
metaphors, hyperboles, and other figures of speech
to make your writing more exciting.
 LITERAL OR FIGURATIVE???
1. Grant always turns in his homework.
2. The water was rising in the river because of the rain.
3. Her teeth are like stars because they come out at night.
4. When she sings her voice is like velvet.
5. Half of the class did not complete the assignment.
6. I’m so hungry i could eat a horse.
7. Mike was so angry that steam was coming out of his ears.
8. The zebras cried when the wise old elephant died.
9. I’ve told you a million times to clean up your room.
•SIMILE
•HYPERBOLE SEVEN TYPES OF
•ALLITERATION FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
•METAPHOR
•PERSONIFICATION
•ONOMATOPOEIA
•OXYMORON
SIMILE
•Comparing two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”.

Her eyes were like stars.

Susan is as gentle as a kitten.

HYPERBOLE
•An exaggeration so dramatic, no one could believe it;
overstate to emphasize a point.

This bag weighs a ton!

I’ve told you a million times to

clean up your room!
ALLITERATION
•The repeating of the same letter or sound, especially consonant
sounds….Including tongue twisters.

Miss Warren was worried when

Wendy was waiting.

Rubber baby buggy bumpers.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

 Alliteration in Poetry
A flea and a fly in a flue
Were imprisoned, so what could they do?
Said the fly, “Let us flee!”
“Let us fly,” said the flea;
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.
METAPHOR
•Comparing two unlike things without using like or as. Calling one
thing, another. Saying one thing is something else.

He’s a lion when he fights.

Her eyes were sparkling emeralds.

My love is a red, red rose.

PERSONIFICATION
•Giving human characteristics to things that are not human.

The angry flood waters slapped

the house.

The sun smiled down on us.

ONOMATOPOEIA
•The use of a word to describe or imitate a natural sound made by
an object or action. Words that sound like what they mean.
pow

tweet, tweet
zoom

buzz
hiss
OXYMORON
•Words or phrases in which contradictory or opposite terms are
used together

baby grand

act naturally

jumbo shrimp
adult child

climb down
 •SIMILE
DON’T FORGET TO •HYPERBOLE
SHAMPOO!! •ALLITERATION
•METAPHOR
•PERSONIFICATION
•OXYMORON
•ONOMATOPOEIA
ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Sound – this elements is an offshoot of a

variety of elements like tonal patterns,
rhythm, and measurements.
SOUND OF A POEM
1. Tone Color - it is achieved through repetition.
a. Repetition of Single Sounds
• Alliteration
• Assonance
• Consonance
• Rhyme
REPETITION OF SINGLE SOUND
ALLITERATION - Is the repetition of similar and accented sounds at the
beginning of words
Example: the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
the furrow followed free;
we were the first that ever burst
into that silence sea.”
- The rime of the ancient mariner
ASSONANCE - Is the repetition of similar accented vowel sounds

Example: thou still unravished bride of quietness.

Thou foster child of silence and slow time.
- Ode on a grecian urn
CONSONANCE - Is the repetition of similar consonant sound typically
within or at the end of words

Example: “Out of this house” – said rider to reader

“Yours never will” – said farer to fearer
“They’re looking for your” – said hearer to horror,
- O where are you going?
RHYME - is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and
any succeeding sounds in two or more words.

Example: I think that i shall never see

A poem as lovely as a tree
- Trees
 POETRY DEVICES: 3 TYPES OF RHYME
• END RHYME: the rhyming of words at the end of a line.
example: THEY COULD NOT EXCUSE THE SIN.
THAT WAS COMMITTED BY HIS KIN.

• INTERNAL RHYME: rhyme that occurs within a single line of poetry.

example: NO, BABY, NO, YOU MAY NOT GO.”

• SLANT RHYME: two words sound similar, but do not have a perfect rhyme.
example: THE WORDS JACKAL AND BUCKLE.
RHYME SCHEME - pattern of rhyme form that
ends a stanza or a poem.
- is designated by the assignment of a
different letter of the alphabet to each new
rhyme.
Example:
Helen, thy beauty is to me A
Like those nicean barks of yore B
That gently, o’er a perfumed sea, A
The weary, way-worn wander bore B
To his own native shore B

- To Helen
REPETITION OF WORDS

Example:
My dreams are dreams of thee, fair maid.
- Rural maid
REPETITION OF SENTENCES OR PHRASES

Example:
I dream that one day our voices will be heard
I dream that one day our hopes become worth
- Paraiso
RHYTHM
-pattern of beats created by the arrangement of stressed and
unstressed syllables
-the effect is derived from the sounds employed, the varying
pitches, stresses, volumes and durations.
ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Structure – this elements pertains to the

way how words and lines are organized,
sequenced, arranged and formed to ensure
unity of form.
STRUCTURE OF A POEM
1. WORD AND ITS ORDER – Grouping of words and choosing of words and verses
where more often, poets arrange them in the unnatural order to achieve an effect
2. SYNTAX – Is an effect achieved where words are fractured to have a desired effect
3. ELLIPSIS – Is the omission of words or several words that clearly identify the
understanding of an expression
4. PUNCTUATION – Is the use of meaningful symbols that help provide meaning
clues
DIFFERENT POETIC FORMS
a. Dramatic poetry – this is a lyric work that exhibits dialogue and
characterization which are known to be elements of drama.
monologue – which is specifically a speech delivered by an individual in
a dramatic performance
soliloquy – which monologue used to develop the character of a
speaker by providing information by the revelation of the character’s
personal thoughts, emotions and feelings both belong to this type.
b. Lyric poetry – this mainly discloses a poet’s feelings and emotions which can
be perceived to be subjective and personal.
simple lyric – which includes pastorals that describe scenes and objects of nature
songs – which are emotional verses sung during special occasions
odes – which are extended lyric poems ascribed to be more serious and complex
in form than a simple lyric
sonnets – which are commonly composed of 14 lines,
elegy – which mainly laments of death of a person or group of individuals
c. Narrative poetry – this is mainly a poem that is non-dramatic
in which the prime goal of the author is to narrate a story.
- it has a variety of length and of complexity.
- examples of this poems are epics, metrical tales and
romances, and ballads.
 CONSIDERATIONS IN ANALYZING A POEM
•Author – know who the writer of the poem
•Title of the poem – title bears important information about
a poem.
•The persona and the addressee – persona refers to the
one speaking in the lines of a poem, while the addressee is
the receiver or the one being talked to by the persona.
• Tone, attitude, motifs and conditions – the prevailing emotion of the
persona towards the addressee can be discerned and elucidated by
looking into the choice of words of the writer.
• Imagery and symbolism – a poem to the senses, thus, words may also
be effective tools to create connections between the poem and its
readers making them see, hear, taste, smell, and feel whatever the
poem presents.
• Genre – it is a requisite to know how to classify the poetic work based
on its prevailing features.
•Structure – look whether the poem has regular or irregular
structure. consider the length and measure of the poem.
•Theme – this mainly involves the significant truth or the central
idea that the writer attempts to disclose and to communicate to
its readers.
•Appeal – this pertains to your impressions about the poem.