Properties of Addition

There are four mathematical properties which involve

addition.
 

Commutative Property: When two numbers are added, the

sum is the same regardless of the order of the addends. For
example:
4 + 2 = 2 + 4 
 
Associative Property: When three or more numbers are
added, the sum is the same regardless of the grouping of
the addends. For example:

(2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4) 
 
Properties of Addition

There are four mathematical properties which involve

addition.

Additive Identity Property: The sum of any number and

zero is the original number. For example:

5 + 0 = 5.
 

Distributive property: The sum of two numbers times a

third number is equal to the sum of each addend times the
third number. For example:
 
4 * (6 + 3) = (4 * 6) + (4 * 3)
Multiplication Properties

There are four properties involving multiplication that will help make
problems easier to solve.
 

Commutative Property: When two numbers are multiplied

together, the product is the same regardless of the order of the
multiplicands. For example:
 

4 * 2 = 2 * 4 
 
Associative Property: When three or more numbers are
multiplied, the product is the same regardless of the grouping of the
factors. For example:  

(2 * 3) * 4 = 2 * (3 * 4) 
 
Multiplication Properties

There are four properties involving multiplication that will help make
problems easier to solve.

 
Multiplicative Identity Property: The product of any number
and one is that number. For example:
 

5 * 1 = 5. 
 
Distributive Property: The sum of two numbers times a third
number is equal to the sum of each addend times the third
number. For example:
 

4 * (6 + 3) = (4 * 6) + (4 * 3)
 Divisibility Rules:
A whole number is divisible by:

• 2, if the number is even

 
• 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3
 
• 5, if it ends with 0 or 5
 
• 6, if it is even and divisible by 3
 
• 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9
 
• 10, if it ends with 0
 Factors:
Factors are two numbers I can multiply together to get
another number. For example:
2 factors for 18 are 2 & 9 
because 2 * 9 = 18

What are two factors of 32?

Can you name all the factors of 32?

Name all of the factors of: 24? 36?

Who knows of an easy way to find the factors of a number? (factor

strings, factor trees...)
 Prime and Composite Numbers

Natural Numbers:
The whole numbers from 1 upwards: 1, 2, 3, and so on ...

Or from 0 upwards in some fields of mathematics: 0, 1, 2,

3 and so on ...

No negative numbers and no fractions. 

 
 Prime and Composite Numbers

Prime Number: A Prime Number can be divided evenly

only by 1 and itself. (In other words, its factors are
only 1 or itself).

Example: 13 can only be divided evenly by 1 or 13, so

it is a prime number.

If it is not a Prime Number it is called a Composite

Number

Example: 14 can be divided evenly by 1, 2, 7 and 14

so it is a composite number.
 
 Prime and Composite Numbers
Composite Number: A Composite Number can be
divided evenly by numbers other than 1 and itself. (In
other words, it has more than the two factors of 1 and
itself.)

Example: 9 can be divided evenly by 1, 3 and 9, so 9 is

a composite number.

If it is not a Composite Number it is called a Prime

Number.

Example: 7 can only be divided evenly by 1 and 7, so it

is not composite. It must be a prime number.