GROUP 01

MEMBERS:
DAGAN MERLY M.
GANNAD MARICAR C.
BINASOY VISITACION L.
MOLINA KRYSTEL
 SCIENCE

“ANCIENT

TIME”
 “FIRE”

Fire gave warmth and undoubtedly

fostered a sense of community for
the groups of people gathered
around it. Fire was also created for
protection of early humans to
scare wild animals away. They also
use fire to cook food, wherein they
have discovered that food cooked
by fire is easy to chew, and it is
better in tasting than eating raw
foods.

-Homo Erectus
DISCOVERY AND CREATION OF FIRE

As the early Hominids moved from the tropics into

colder regions, they needed to adjust to new often harsh
regions conditions(see previous video about it-Survival
During the Stone Age). Perhaps the most important to their
to their ability is to adapt the use of fire. The systematic use
of fire made it possible to provide a source of both light
and heat within the cave to the structure which they live.
The development of tools and the use of fire are the two
important technological innovations/discovery during the
Paleolithic period, reminds us how crucial the ability to
adapt was to human survival. The most recent Ice Age
began about 100,000 B.C. and reached it's coldest period
between 20,000 and 10,000 B.C. Sheets of Thick Ice
covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.
 “WHEEL”
The wheel was
invented by Mesopotamians
around 3500 B.C., to be used in
the creation of pottery. About
300 years after that, the wheel
was put on a chariot and the
rest is history. Wheels are
ubiquitous in our everyday life,
facilitating our transportation
and commerce.
The invention of the
wheel falls into the late Neolithic,
and may be seen in conjunction
with other technological
advances that gave rise to the
early Bronze Age.

-Sumerians
The revolutionary invention of the wheel
In today’s world, technology is developing at an
unprecedented rate. The latest gadget today is tomorrow’s antique.
As a result of this rapid development of technology, we often take
things for granted. One of these is the wheel. Take a look around,
and you will see wheels everywhere, be it as tyres, or in everyday
machinery. The wheel has even been imbued with symbolic
meanings, most famously, perhaps, as a metaphor for the never
ending cycle of life.
One may be tempted to think that the wheel is just a
humble or even primitive invention compared to some of the fancy
gadgets that we have today. Nevertheless, the wheel (specifically
as a means of transportation) was actually invented at a relatively
late point of human history. The oldest known wheel found in an
archaeological excavation is from Mesopotamia, and dates to
around 3500 BC. This period was known as the Bronze Age, which is a
relatively late chapter in the story of the development of human
civilisation. By this time, human beings were already planting crops,
herding domesticated animals, and had some form of social
hierarchy.
 “NAIL”

The earliest known

use of this very simple but
super-useful metal fastener
dates back to Ancient
Egypt, about 3400 B.C. If
you are more partial
to screws, they’ve been
around since Ancient
Greeks (1st or 2nd century
B.C.).

-Ancient Egyptians and

Mesopotanians
ANCIENT NAIL ART
The exact origin of nail treatments is unclear, since it
appears to have originated in different parts of the world around
the same time. In ancient Egypt, from 5000 B.C. to 3000 B.C., women
would dye their nails with henna to indicate social status and
seductiveness. Women of the lower class wore pastel and neutral
shades, while the upper classes wore deep, bright shades.
In Babylonia, 3200 B.C., men, not women, painted their nails with
black and green kohl, an ancient cosmetic. To prepare for war,
warriors of Babylon spent hours having their nails prepared, hair
curled and had other similar beauty treatments. As in ancient Egypt,
nail color indicated one's status, black for noblemen and green for
the common man. Around the same time, 3000 B.C., the first nail
polishoriginated in ancient China. It was made from beeswax, egg
whites, gelatin, vegetable dyes, and gum arabic. Chinese dipped
their nails in this mixture for several hours or left it on to dry. Colors
ranged from pink to red, depending on the mixture of the
ingredients. During the Zhou Dynasty, 600 B.C., royalty used this
simple nail polish with gold and silver dust on their nails to show their
social status.
“OPTICAL LENSES”

From glasses to
microscopes and telescopes,
optical lenses have greatly
expanded the possibilities of
our vision. They have a long
history, first developed by
ancient Egyptians and
Mesopotamians, with key
theories of light and vision
contributed by Ancient
Greeks. Optical lenses were
also instrumental components
in the creation of media
technologies involved in
photography, film and
television.

- Ancient Egyptians and

Mesopotamians
HISTORY OF ANCIENT OPTICAL LENSES
Early history. The earliest known lenses were made from
polished crystal, often quartz, and have been dated as early as
750 BC for Assyrian lenses such as the Nimrud / Layard lens.
There are many similar lenses from ancient Egypt, Greece and
Babylon. ... However, glass lenses were not thought of until the
Middle Ages. The earliest known lenses were made from
polished crystal, often quartz, and have been dated as early as
750 BC for Assyrian lenses such as the Nimrud / Layard
lens.[2]There are many similar lenses from ancient
Egypt, Greece and Babylon. The ancient Romans and Greeks
filled glass spheres with water to make lenses. However, glass
lenses were not thought of until the Middle Ages.
Some lenses fixed in ancient Egyptian statues are much
older than those mentioned above. There is some doubt as to
whether or not they qualify as lenses, but they are undoubtedly
glass and served at least ornamental purposes. The statues
appear to be anatomically correct schematic eyes
 “COMPASS”

This navigational
device has been a major
force in human
exploration. The earliest
compasses were made of
lodestone in China
between 300 and 200 B.C.
Circa 1121 BC, An ancient
Chinese magnetic chariot.
The figure, pointing to the
south, moves in
accordance with the
principle of the magnetic
compass.

- Han Dynasty
 “PAPER”

Invented about 100

BC in China, paper has
been indispensible in
allowing us to write down
and share our ideas.

- Han Dynasty
“GUNPOWDER”

This chemical
explosive, invented in China
in the 9th century, has been
a major factor in military
technology (and, by
extension, in wars that
changed the course of
human history).

- Ancient Chinese
“PRINTINGPRESS”

A PRINTING PRESS is a
device for applying pressure to
an inked surface resting upon a
print medium (such as paper or
cloth), thereby transferring the
ink. ... Typically used for texts,
the invention and global spread
of the printing press was one of
the most influential events in the
second millennium.

-Johannes Gutenberg
“ELECTRICITY”
Utilization of
electricity is a process to
which a number of bright
minds have contributed
over thousands of years,
going all the way back to
Ancient Egypt and Ancient
Greece, when Thales of
Miletus conducted the
earliest research into the
phenomenon.

-Benjamin Franklin
ANCIENT GREAT ELECTRICITY
The 18th-century American Renaissance
man Benjamin Franklin is generally credited with
significantly furthering our understanding of
electricity, if not its discovery. It’s hard to
overestimate how important electricity has
become to humanity as it runs the majority of our
gadgetry and shapes our way of life. The
invention of the light bulb, although a separate
contribution, attributed to Thomas Edison in 1879,
is certainly a major extension of the ability to
harness electricity. It has profoundly changed the
way we live, work as well as the look and
functioning of our cities.
“STEAM ENGINE”

Invented between
1763 and 1775 by Scottish
inventor James Watt (who
built upon the ideas of
previous steam engine
attempts like the 1712 New
comen engine), the steam
engine powered trains,
ships, factories and the
Industrial Revolution as a
whole. circa 1830: An early
locomotive hauling freight.

-Thomas Savery
-Edward Somerset, 2nd
Marquess of Worcester
“INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE”

The 19th-century
invention (created
by Belgian engineer Etienne
Lenoir in 1859 and improved
by Germany's Nikolaus Otto
in 1876), this engine that
converts chemical energy
into mechanical energy
overtook the steam engine
and is used in modern cars
and planes. Elon Musk's
electric car company Tesla,
among others, is currently
trying to revolutionize
technology in this arena
once again.

- Nikolaus Otto
- Étienne Lenoir
”TELEPHONE”

Although he was
not the only one working on
this kind of tech, Scottish-
born inventor Alexander
Graham Bell got the first
patent for an electric
telephone in 1876. Certainly,
this instrument has
revolutionized our ability to
communicate.

- Alexander Graham Bell

- Antonio Meucci
“VACCINATION”
While sometimes
controversial, the practice of
vaccination is responsible for
eradicating diseases and
extending the human lifespan.
The first vaccine (for smallpox)
was developed by Edward
Jenner in 1796. A rabies vaccine
was developed by the French
chemist and biologist Louis
Pasteur in 1885, who is credited
with making vaccination the
major part of medicine that is it
today. Pasteur is also responsible
for inventing the food safety
process of pasteurization, that
bears his name.

- Edward Jenner
 “CARS”
Cars completely
changed the way we travel, as
well as the design of our cities, and
thrust the concept of the assembly
line into the mainstream. They
were invented in their modern
form in the late 19th century by a
number of individuals, with special
credit going to the German Karl
Benz for creating what’s
considered the first practical
motorcar in 1885. Karl Benz (in light
suit) on a trip with his family with
one of his first cars, which was built
in 1893 and powered by a single
cylinder, 3 h.p. engine. His friend
Theodor von Liebig is in the
Viktoria.

- Karl Benz
 “AIRPLANE”
Invented in 1903 by
the American Wright
brothers, planes brought the
world closer together,
allowing us to travel quickly
over great distances. This
technology has broadened
minds through enormous
cultural exchanges—but it
also escalated the reach of
the world wars that would
soon break out, and the
severity of every war
thereafter.

- Wilbur and Orville

Wright
 “PENICILLIN”

Discovered by the
Scottish scientist Alexander
Fleming in 1928, this drug
transformed medicine by its
ability to cure infectious
bacterial diseases. It began
the era of antibiotics.

- Alexander Fleming
 “ROCKETS”

While the invention

of early rockets is credited
to the Ancient Chinese, the
modern rocket is a 20th
century contribution to
humanity, responsible for
transforming military
capabilities and allowing
human space exploration.

- Robert Hutchings
Goddard
“NUCLEAR FISSION”

This process of
splitting atoms to release a
tremendous amount of
energy led to the creation of
nuclear reactors and atomic
bombs. It was the
culmination of work by a
number of prominent (mostly
Nobel Prize-winning) 20th-
century scientists.

-German Otto Hahn

- Fritz Strassmann
NUCLEAR FISSION
But the specific discovery of nuclear fission
is generally credited to the Germans Otto Hahn
and Fritz Stassmann, working with the Austrians
Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch.
Austrian nuclear physicist Lise Meitner
(1878 - 1968) congratulates German chemist
Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968) on his 80th birthday,
Gottingen, Germany, 8th March 1959. The pair
collaborated for 30 years in the study of
radioactivity, work which culminated in the
discovery of nuclear fission.
“SEMICONDUCTORS”

They are at the

foundation of electronic
devices and the modern
Digital Age. Mostly made of
silicon, semiconductor
devices are behind the
nickname of “Silicon Valley”,
home to today’s major U.S.
computing companies. The
first device containing
semiconductor material was
demonstrated in 1947
by America's John Bardeen,
Walter Brattain and William
Shockley of Bell Labs.

-Bardeen and Brattain

 “PERSONAL
COMPUTER”
Invented in the
1970s, personal computers
greatly expanded human
capabilities. While your
smartphone is more
powerful, one of the earliest
PCs was introduced in 1974
by Micro Instrumentation
and Telemetry Systems (MITS)
via a mail-order computer kit
called the Altair. From there,
companies
like Apple, Microsoft, and
IBM have redefined personal
computing.

- Philip Don Estridge

“THE INTERNET”
While the worldwide
network of computers (which
you used to find this article)
has been in development
since the 1960s, when it took
the shape of U.S. Defense
Department’s ARPANET, the
Internet as we know it today
is an even more modern
invention. 1990s creation of
the World Wide Web by
England's Tim Berners-Lee is
responsible for transforming
our communication,
commerce, entertainment,
politics, you name it.

- Robert E. Kahn
- Vint Cerf