GAS

LAWS
5 VARIABLES
Kinetic Energy (KE)
Pressure (P)
Volume(V)
Absolute temperature (K)
Number of moles (n)
–Mathematicians have a way of
describing relationships.
 When an increase in one
variable result in an increase in
another variable, the relationship
is directly proportional.
When an increase in
one variable result in a
decrease in another
variable, the
relationship is inversely
proportional.
Where:
KE- Average Kinetic energy
m-mass
v-average Speed
Molecules have definite
average kinetic energy at a
given temperature.
Considering two gases (a&b)
at same temperature we can
say.
–It also implies that the
bigger is the molecular
mass of a gas, the slower it
travels. We refer to this as
GRAHAM’S LAW states
that the speeds of the
molecules of gases are inversely
proportional to the square root
of their masses.
Here is an example, if methane
gas and hydrogen chloride gas
were allowed to move from the
same place, which will travel
faster?
Molecular mass of HCl =
(1x1) + (1x36)= 36
Molecular mass of CH4 =
(1x12)+ (4x1)= 16
What happened to the volume
when pressure increased?
What happened to the pressure
when volume increased?
What is the relationship of
pressure and volume?
What can you say about the
product of pressure and volume
in all cases?
Look at figure 1.9 on page
19
As the pressure
increases, the volume
decreases, or as the
pressure decreases the
volume increases.
The product of pressure
and volume did not change
or is constant.
BOYLE’S LAW states that
the volume of a confined gas
is inversely proportional to
the pressure, provided the
temperature remains
constant.
What happened to the volume as
the temperature increased?
What happened to the volume as
the temperature increased?
What happened to the
temperature as volume
decreased?
What can you say about the ratio
of volume and temperature in all
cases?
What can you say about the ratio
of volume and temperature in all
cases?
As the temperature increases,
the volume also increases, & Vice
Versa.
As the temperature increases,
the volume also increases, & Vice
Versa.
The ratio of V/T is constant.
Charles’s law states that the
volume of a gas is directly
proportional to the absolute
temperature provided the
pressure remains constant.
Temperature Absolute Pressure Pressure/
(t in C) Temperature Absolute
(atm) Temperature
(T in K)
(atm/K)

-23.0 250 1.25 200

27.0 300 1.5 200
77.0 350 1.75 200
151.0 424 2.12 200
What happened to the pressure
as the temperature increased?
What happened to the pressure
as the temperature increased?
What happened to the
temperature as pressure
decreased?
What happened to the pressure as
the temperature increased?
What happened to the temperature
as pressure decreased?
What can you say about the ratio of
P/T in all cases?
The table shows two things:
The table shows two things:
a. As the temperature increases,
the pressure also increases or
vice versa.
The table shows two things:
a. As the temperature increases,
the pressure also increases or
vice versa.
b. The ratio P/T is constant.
Gay-Lussac’s law states that the
pressure of a gas is directly
proportional to the absolute
temperature provided the volume
remains constant.
A gas in a closed container
has a temperature of 27 C
and a pressure of 3.00 atm.
What will be the pressure of
the gas at 77C?
NOTE:
A ratio that will increase a
number should have a bigger
numerator.
The pressure in a sealed can of gas
is 235 KPa when it sits at room
temperature 20C. When the can is
warmed to 48C, what will the new
pressure inside the can be.?
Charles’s law states that the volume
of a gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature while
BOYLE’S LAW states that the
volume of a confined gas is inversely
proportional to the pressure,
A 40.0L balloon is filled with air at sea
level (1.00 atm, 25 C). It’s tied to a
rock and thrown in a cold body of
water. And it sinks to the point where
the temperature is 4.0 C and the
pressure is 11.0 atm. What will its
new volume be?
A can has volume of 200 mL,
temperature of 27 C and a pressure
of 800 mmHg. What will be its
volume at STP?
IDEAL GAS LAW: states that
the ratio of the product of
pressure and volume: and
the product of absolute
temperature and number of
moles is Constant.
10L of O2 has a pressure of
4.00 atm and a
temperature of 127C. How
many moles are there in
such conditions?
2.3 moles of gas ate at a
pressure of 1.70atm, and
the temp is 41 C. What is
the volume of the gas?
A 5-moles of carbon dioxide
has a volume of 20L at a
pressure of 1o atm. What
must be the temperature of
the system to attain all the
conditions?
Quiz
DEFINE EACH
COMPRESSIBILITY
EXPANSIBILITY
DIFFUSION
What does STP mean?, then give
the STP
4 PROPERTIES OF GASES
CONVERSION
2atm= ____mmHg?
2.7 L= ____ mL?
-80 C= ____K?
321 K= ____C?
1780mmHg ____atm?
31-35At 1.70 atm, a sample
of gas takes up 4.25L. If the
pressure in the gas is
increased to 2.40 atm, what
will the new volume be?
36-40.A balloon takes
up 625L at 0°C. If it is
heated to 80°C, what
will its new volume be?
If the pressure in a car tire
is 1.88 atm at 25°C, what
will be the pressure if the
temperature warms to
37°C?