Lecture #11

Matrix methods
METHODS TO SOLVE INDETERMINATE PROBLEM
Small degree
of statical
indeterminacy Force method

Displacement methods

Displacement method
in matrix formulation

Large degree Numerical methods

of statical
indeterminacy
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MATRIX
METHODS
Advantages:
• very formalized and computer-friendly;
• versatile, suitable for large problems;
• applicable for both statically determinate and
indeterminate problems.
Disadvantages:
• bulky calculations (not for hand calculations);
• structural members should have some certain
number of unknown nodal forces and nodal
displacements; for complex members such as curved
beams and arbitrary solids this requires some
discretization, so no analytical solution is possible.
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FLOWCHART OF MATRIX METHOD
Classification Stiffness matrices are
of members composed according to
member models
Stiffness matrices
for members Stiffness matrices are
transformed from local to global
Transformed coordinates
stiffness matrices
Stiffness matrices of separate
members are assembled into a
Final equation
single stiffness matrix K
F=K·Z
Unknown displacements and
Stress-strain state
reaction forces are calculated
of structure
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STIFFNESS MATRIX OF STRUCTURAL MEMBER
Stiffness matrix (K) gives the relation between vectors
of nodal forces (F) and nodal displacements (Z):

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EXAMPLE OF MEMBER STIFFNESS MATRIX
Stiffness relation for a rod:

  x j  xi 
EA
Fi  
L

Stiffness matrix:

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ASSEMBLY OF STIFFNESS MATRICES

To assemble stiffness matrices of separate members

into a single matrix for the whole structure, we should
simply add terms for corresponding displacements.
Physically, this procedure represent the usage of
compatibility and equilibrium equations.

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ASSEMBLY OF STIFFNESS MATRICES - EXAMPLE
Let’s consider a system of two rods:

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SOLUTION USING MATRIX METHOD - EXAMPLE

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SOLUTION USING MATRIX METHOD - EXAMPLE
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i j k

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SOLUTION USING MATRIX METHOD - EXAMPLE
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i j k

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TRANSFORMATION MATRIX
Transformation matrix is used to transform nodal
displacements and forces from local to global
coordinate system (CS) and vice versa:

F T F Z TZ
Transformation matrix is always orthogonal, thus, the
inverse matrix is equal to transposed matrix:
1
T T M

The transformation from local CS to global CS:

F T FT
Z T Z
T

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TRANSFORMATION MATRIX EXAMPLE
For simplest member (rod) we get:
 xi   xi 
y  y 
Z  i
 Z  i 

 xj   xj 
   
y
  j  y j  Z T Z

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TRANSFORMATION MATRIX

To transform the stiffness matrix from local CS to

global CS, the following formula is used:

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

The truss has three members, thus 6 degrees of

freedom. The stiffness matrix will be 6x6.

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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EXAMPLE FOR A TRUSS

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THREE BASIC EQUATIONS
How are they implemented in matrix method
Taken into account when global
Equilibrium
stiffness matrix is assembled from
equations
member matrices

Constitutive Through member stiffness

equations matrices

Taken into account when global

Compatibility
stiffness matrix is assembled from
equations
member matrices 24
WHERE TO FIND MORE INFORMATION?

Megson. Structural and Stress Analysis. 2005

Chapter 17

Megson. An Introduction to Aircraft Structural Analysis. 2010

Chapter 6.

… Internet is boundless …
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TOPIC OF THE NEXT LECTURE

Stress state of sweptback wing

All materials of our course are available

at department website k102.khai.edu
1. Go to the page “Библиотека”
2. Press “Structural Mechanics (lecturer Vakulenko S.V.)”
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