BREEDING STRATEGIES AND METHODS OF

IMPROVEMENT,ACHIEVEMENT MADE IN CROP

IMPROVEMENT IN GUAVA

2014005014
K.Thilagavathi
BOTANICAL NAME : Psidium guajava

FAMILY : Myrtaceae

CHROMOSOME NUMBER : 2n=22

ORIGIN : Tropical America

Guava is known as Apple of Tropics.

 Floral biology and Pollination

 Guava bears flower solitary or in cyme of two to three

flowers, on the current season growth in the axil of the leaves.
 About one month is required from flower bud
differentiation to complete development upto calyx cracking
stage.
 Peak time of anthesis is between 5.00-6.30 AM in most of
the varieties of guava.
 The dehiscence of anthers starts 15-30 minutes after
anthesis and continues for two hours.
 The pollen fertility is high in almost all the cultivars. The
pollen fertility is 78% and 91% in Allahabad Round and
Lucknow Safeda, respectiviely.
 BREEDING OBJECTIVES

1. Development of seedless variety

2. Less pectin content for edible purpose

3. More pectin content for processing

4. Uniform ripening

5. High keeping quality

6. Resistance to tea mosquito bug and wilt

 BREEDING METHODS

1. Clonal selection

2. Hybridization

3. Polyploidy breeding

4. Breeding for wilt resistence

 CLONAL SELECTION

Luknow 49(Sardar Guava)

 Developed at GFES, Pune,
 Seedling selection of Allahabad Safeda,
 Semi dwarf tree, high yielding and white flesh.
Banarasi surkha
 It is a selection from local red fleshed type,
 Heavy bearer, large fruits, flesh soft and pink
Bangalore local
 It is a local selection,white flesh variety and soft seeds
 fruits are large.
Plant prabhat
 Seedling selection from GBPUAT, Pantnagar,
 Prolific bearer, soft seed with good quality
Arka mirdula(sel 8)
 Developed at CISH, Lucknow,
 It is a selection from apple colour seedling
 Skin and flesh colour is pink with good acid sugar blend.
Lalit
 Open pollinated seedling selection of CISH-G-3
 Fruits are attractive,saffron yellow coloured with red blush,
pink flesh
 High yield,used for jelly making
Shweta
 Open pollinated seedling selection of CISH-G-4
 Subglobose fruits with soft seeds ,high TSS140 Brix
 Pink blush,high yield
 Hybridization
Arka amulya
 It is a cross between Allahabad Safeda x Triploid.
 Plants are medium in vigour and are spreading type. Fruits are
round in shape.
 Skin is smooth and yellow in colour
 Flesh is white in colour and firm.
Safed jam
 Allahabad Safeda x Kohir (a local collection from
Hyderabad –karnataka region).
 It is similar to Allahabad Safeda in growth habit and fruit
quality.
 The fruits are bigger in size with good quality and few soft
seeds.
Arka Rashmi
 Kamsari x Purple local
 Deep pink pulp,medium soft seeds with TSS 12 brix,fruit
weight 180-200g
 High lycopene & ascorbic acid (235mg/100g)
 High yield 30-35bt/ha
Arka Kiran
 Kamsari x Purple local
 Deep pink pulp,fruit weight 90-120g
 TSS 13-14 brix
 Keeping quality is good
 Kohir Safeda
 Kohir x Allahabad Safeda,
 Tree is vigorous, fruits are larger with few soft seeds and
white flesh.
Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar has released two hybrid varieties.

Hisar Safeda
 Allahabad Safeda x Seedless which has upright growth with a
compact crown.
 Its fruits are round, weighing about 92g each, pulp is creamy –
white with less seeds, which are soft, TSS is 13.4% and ascorbic acid
185 mg/100g.
Hisar Surkha

 It is a cross between Apple Colour x Banarasi Surka.

 Tree is medium in height with broad to compact crown ,

 fruit is round weighing 86g each. Pulp is pink having 13.6%

TSS,

 0.48% acidity and 169 mg/100g ascorbic acid.

 Yield is 94 kg/tree/year.
 Breeding for wilt resistence

 Work at CISH, Lucknow has shown that Chittidar, Portugal,

Seedless and Spear Acid are tolerant to wilt.

 The wilt resistant character was observed that Psidium

guajava and Psidium chinensis are compatible.

 However, cross between Psidium guajava and Psidium

molle was incompatible but reciprocal combination was a
compatible combination
Allahabad safeda
fruits are large,round in shape yellowish white skin,flesh is
white,firm,seeds are numerous,bold & hard,profuse branching &
broad crown.It can withstand drought conditions.
Chittidar
Very Popular in U.P,high sweetness,characterized by numerous
red dots on skin,small &soft seeds,resemble to Allahabad safeda
Seedless
 Saharanpur seedless,Nagpur seedless and others are same.
 Two types
1. Completely seedless
fruits are bigger & irregular shape
2.Partly seedless
fruits are small,round in shape
 seedless variety unfit for commercial cultivation because it
gives low yield,plants are very vigorous
Harijha
Most popular in Bihar because of profuse flowering,tree have
medium vigor &sparse branching,round shape,greenish yellow in
colour,good keeping quality.
Apple guava
Pink coloured,they required low temperature to develop good
pink colour,moderate yielder,sweet in taste, good keeping
quality.
Hafshi
Red-fleshed guava,mainly grown in Bihar,fruits are spherical
shape with thin skin.
TRY(G) 1 (2005)
 ADAC&RI,Trichy
 Off season bearing,shiny greenish yellow fruit,TSS 10
brix,ascorbic acid(180mg/100g)
 Resistant to fruit fly
 Tolerant to mealy bug,scale,mite &wilt
 Withstands drought & sodic tolerant
 Yield is 40.5t/ha.This variety is recommended for salt affected
areas.
 Some important species are

Psidium guineense - Guinea guava or Brazilian guava

Psidium montanum
Psidium fredrichsthalianum - Chinese guava,Plants are tolerant
to guava wilt.
Psidium Cattleanum - Cattely guava or Strawberry
guava,Tolerant to low temperature
Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum
Psidium molle
Psidium pumilum - Chinese guava
Psidium cujavilis
Psidium policarpum
REFERENCE : Breeding of horticultural crops
N.Kumar

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