Flexible AC Transmission FACTS-Technology and Novel Control Strategies For Power System

Stability Enhancement

N.SRINIVASGOUD
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
IIT H
FACTS

Flexible AC Transmission System (Facts) is a new integrated concept

based on power electronic switching converters and dynamic controllers to
enhance the system utilization and power transfer capacity as well as the
stability, security, reliability and power quality of AC system

interconnections.
FACTS KEY DEVICES
 Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)

 Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

 Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

 STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STATCOM)

 It is a static synchronous generator as shunt static var compensator whose

capacitive or inductive current can be controlled independent of the system

voltage.

 The STATCOM scheme in parallel with AC power grid system and is

controlled by a dynamic controller as shown in Fig.1.

Sample three-Bus study test system with the STATCOM located
at bus B2 to stabilize the AC system
Novel Controller

 The new control system is based on a

decoupled control strategy using both

direct and quadrature current
components of the STATCOM AC
current.

 The operation of the STATCOM

scheme is Validated in both the
capacitive and inductive modes of
operation. STATCOM Decoupled Control System
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES COMPENSATOR

 It is a static synchronous generator operated without an external energy

source as a series compensator.

 The o/p voltage is in quadrature with and controllable independently of

the line current.

 It is increase or decrease the overall reactive voltage drop across the

line and thereby controlling the transmitted electric power.

Fig. 3 Single line diagram representing the series SSSC scheme interfaced
at sending end of the Transmission line (Bus B1)
Novel Controller

 The main function of the SSSC is

to regulate the TL power flow PL.

This can be accomplished by
either direct control of the line 
current or indirect control by
compensating for the TL
impedance, Xs via a compensating
injected voltage, Vs.
Control Structure of the SSSC scheme.

Xref = Negative Vs lags IL by 90° plus  (Capacitive Compensation)

Xref = Positive Vs Leads IL by 90° plus  (Inductive Compensation)

SUPPLEMENTARYT CONTROL LOOP DESIGN IN SSSC

 To enhance the dynamic performance

of the SSSC device an supplementary

regulator loop is added using the dc
capacitor voltage.

 The operation of the SSSC scheme is

validated in both the capacitive and

inductive modes of operation under
severe disturbance such as switching
Fig.5. Supplementary regulator for the SSSC
loads and fault condition controller to reduce oscillatory
UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC)

 The UPFC scheme consists of two

basic switching power converter
namely shunt and series converters
connected to each other through a dc
link capacitor.

 The shunt converter operates exactly

as STATCOM for reactive power
compensation and voltage
stabilization.

 The series converter operates as SSSC

to control the real power flow
Fig.8. FACTS UPFC controller scheme
PROPOSED NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY

The developed novel control strategy for the UPFC scheme is based on the
magnitude and angle of series inserted voltage and shunt reactive current.
Novel Control in the STATCOM shunt converter 1

Fig.9. Proposed STATCOM Decoupled Current Control

System for the shunt converter (1)
SSSC-Converter (2) controller

The system is subjected to severe Control Block diagram of SSSC series

disturbance single line to ground converter (2) scheme.
fault at load bus at time 0.3 sec
for a duration of 80 ms.
POWER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT

 This chapter studies the power system power quality and harmonics

and SSR/ Tortional stability enhancement to reduce harmonics,

improve the power quality and enhance the system harmonic stability.

 Three different cases were studied in order to improve power quality

and enhance system stability using a novel Active Power Filter (APF)
combining with and Tuned arm filter switched capacitive
compensation.
A COORDINATED CAPACITIVE COMPENSATION AND
TUNED ARM FILTER

This chapter presents a nonlinear

coordinated dynamic error driven
scaled error-controller for both the
static series capacitor switching
compensator SSCC and the added
tuned arm filter TAF, for the
enhancement of voltage, transient
stability, capacity of tie line power Single line diagram sample study of the
unified power system with one novel
transfer and the power quality.
coordinated CC/TAF filter
SSCC switched/modulated Tuned Arm Filter Controller

 The proposed self adjusting Tri-loop error scaled controller is based on

the load voltage, RMS source current and the dynamic current ripple
deviation signals.

Proposed novel tri loop error-driven, error -scaled Tri-loop

dynamic feed back controller.
Renewable Energy

the use of renewable dispersed energy system (wind-small hydro,

hybrid scheme) and resulting grid interface problems and need for
effective mitigative FACTS-based solution. Both stand-alone and grid
connect wind energy conversion will be studied
CONCLUSION

 The research investigates FACTS topologies & novel control strategies

for voltage stability enhancement, T.L power flow control and

harmonic/ SSR mode stabilization of an interconnected AC system.

 The use of FACTS devices in renewable energy utilization is also

studied for small Hydro/ Wind hybrid renewable energy scheme.