Do Now!

Have a seat take out your homework, notebooks,

and something to write with.
Notebooks will be checked from now on. This
will be a permanent (10 percent) part of your
grade.

In your notebook, react to the following

statement:
“Science does not know it's debt to imagination”
--Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Amazing Atom!

Sub Atomic Particles

Mr. Kneidl – Chemistry

Malcolm X Shabazz High School
 Dalton's Theory

It's Dalton's Theory, not Dalton's Law!

Dalton's Theory, though useful, has some
major flaws.

Dalton's atom was not indestructible! Atoms
CAN be broken down!
 J.J. Thomson

English Chemist born in
1837

Created a piece of
equipment called a
Cathode Ray Tube

His cathode ray proved to
be extremely important!
 Cathode Ray Tube
v o lt a g e
s o u rc e
- +

vacu u m tu b e

m e t a l d is k s


A Cathode ray is a vacuum tube filled with a gas.

It has two metal disks hooked up to electricity.
 Cathode Ray Tube
O N
v o lt a g e
s o u rc e
-
O F F


When the voltage is turned ON, we see beams of
light going from negative to positive.
 Cathode Ray Tube
O N
v o lt a g e
s o u rc e
-
O FF

+ +

-

Thomson noticed that when he applied a magnetic
or electric field, the light stream actually bent!

What was even more interesting, he noticed it
always bent TOWARDS the +
 Cathode Ray Tube


Video!
 So what does that mean?

Since Thomson experimented with many different
kinds of gas and they all produced the same beam,
he knew what ever the light beam was had to be
in all atoms.

He also knew that since the beam bent towards
the positive, it had to be negatively charged
because opposites attract!

Putting these together, he knew all atoms had tiny
negative particles in them.
 Charge!

Charge can be positive or negative.

Charged particles create a force.

This force is dependent on the distance between
charged particles.
 Sub Atomic Particles

Sub Atomic Particles are tiny particles that make
up an atom!

For now, we will talk about three important sub
atomic particles

Electrons

Protons

Neutrons
 The Electron

The electron was discovered by JJ Thomson
during the Cathode Ray Experiment.

Electrons are extremely small have a very, very
small mass.

Electrons have a NEGATIVE charge.
 The Proton

Protons have a POSITIVE charge.

Protons are over 1800 times more massive than
electrons.

Protons have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit or
amu.
 The Neutron


Neutrons do not have any charge.

They have the same mass as a proton, 1 amu.
 Sub Atomic Particles

These three particles
combine to form an atom.

Electrons are elementary
particles.

Protons and neutrons ARE
NOT elementary particles.
 Key Points

JJ Thomson discovered the electron by using
cathode rays.

The atom CAN be broken down to smaller parts,
Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons.

Electrons are tiny particles with a negative
charge.

Protons are much bigger than electrons and have
a positive charge.

Neutrons are the same size as protons and do not
carry a charge.