Classification

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 By the end of the lesson I shall be
able to..... Keywords

• Describe the term classification (L4) Classification

Organisms
• Explain the difference between Vertebrates
vertebrates and invertebrates (L5) Invertebrates
Kingdom
• Recognise and explain why it is
Monera
difficult to classify some animals (L6) Protista
• Explain what is a kingdom and Fungi
Plantae
identify the five kingdoms of Animalia
classification (L7)

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 Introduction to Classification
• Organizing is a very good way of keeping up with all
of your belongings.

• When you are organized, you are more than likely to

find whatever you are looking for, thus saving time,
money and energy!

• Scientists believe in this strategy as well and

therefore organize too.

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 Classifying
• This is because there are millions of species on
our planet. It would be difficult to describe and
name each one individually.

• Although species can be very different from each

other, many have similar features that allow us
to put them into groups.

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 Common features
Compare a cow and a dolphin, you might think they do not
have many things in common but you will be surprised.

How many features common to both cows and

dolphins can you think of?
Common features
 Cows and dolphins have several features
in common.

Many other organisms also share common features.

Scientists use common features to put organisms into
groups.
Grouping organisms based on their common features is
called classification.
Classification – grouping organisms
Sort these organisms into four groups based on their similarities
Classification – grouping organisms
One way that a scientist might have grouped these organisms is to put them
into the following four groups:

1. Plants

2. Birds

3. Mammals

4. Reptiles

These groups come from the scientific system for classifying organisms.
• Organisms can be sorted into the plant
kingdom and the animal kingdom.

• The animal kingdom is then sorted into

groups- with a backbone and without a
backbone.

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 Vertebrates
Vertebrates are animas with backbones.
There are five vertebrate subgroups. As the groups
get smaller the features become more similar between
the group members.

• Mammals- have hair, give birth to live young, warm

blooded.
• Fish- Have wet scales, gills, fins, cold blooded.
• Reptiles- Have dry scaly skin, lay eggs with tough shell
• Birds- have feathers, wings, beak; lay eggs with brittle shell
• Amphibians- live on water and land
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 Invertebrates
• Invertebrates are simpler
animals that have few
complete organs.

• Invertebrates have no
backbone unlike
vertebrates.

• The most common

invertebrates are insects.

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 Kingdoms of Classification
• A Kingdom is the
largest group in the
Classification
system. It covers all
the related species.
• e.g. The vertebrates
and vertebrates are
part of the animal
kingdom.

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 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
• In all, there are 5 Kingdoms of Life…

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

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 F. The 5 Kingdoms of Classification

• The Kingdom, Monera

consists of all Bacteria.
• Examples of Bacteria
include: Cyan bacteria,
Staphylococcus aureus,
& Escherichia coli. This
picture is of
E. coli.

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 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification

• The Kingdom, Protista

consists of simple
eukaryotes (multi-cellular
organisms).
• Examples within this
Kingdom include the
majority of molds such as
Saprolegnia (Water mold),
Dictyostelium diccoideum
(Slime Mold).

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 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification

• The Kingdom, Fungi

consists of fungus &
yeasts members.
• Examples of different
types of fungus include:
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (Yeast) &
Amanita muscaria (Fly
Agaric).

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 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification

• The Kingdom, Plantae

houses all the plant
members.
• Examples of plants
include wheat, flowers,
corn, moss, ferns, oak
trees, etc.

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 F. The 5 Kingdoms of Classification

• The last Kingdom,

Animalia consists of
Humans and ALL animals.
This includes insects,
mammals, reptiles, birds,
amphibians, etc.

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 Activity
• BOOK 1
• Pg 160-1
• Answer Questions 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8.

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What Determines Where A Particular Species Lives?
 Learning OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson I shall be able to...

 Identify special adaptive features of animals

 Describe how different organisms survive in harsh

conditions

 Explain how the adaptations of plants and animals are

related to their environment.

 Understand how competition among and within species

regulates population numbers.
 Keywords
• Organisms: are living things such as animals and
plants.
• Adaptation: is the process whereby an organism
becomes better suited to its habitat. The term
adaptation may refer to a feature which is
especially important for an organism's survival.
• Environment: generally an environment refers to
the surroundings of an object.
Which weather?
POLAR BEAR Thick white fur for Sharp claws and
camouflage and teeth
insulation
Layer of fat
(blubber) for
insulation
Large feet to
spread load on
snow

Strong legs for

running and
swimming

Fur on soles of
paws for
insulation and grip
Large size and small ears to
reduce surface area (relative to
size) to reduce heat losses
 THE CAMEL
Hump containing fat so it doesn’t insulate
whole body

Tolerance to body temperature rises so it

doesn’t need to sweat

Large feet to spread load on sand

Bushy eyelashes and hair-lined nostrils

that can close to stop sand entering

Camouflage colouring
 THE CACTUS
Rounded shape Leaves reduced to
provides a reduced spines to reduce water
surface area ratio to losses and to discourage
reduce water losses animals

Thick cuticle
reduces water
losses

Storage of water to
withstand droughts
Green stem for
photosynthesis
Long roots to reach
water
 Fleshy green leaves
House Leek which store water but
which dry up at the end
of the year

A short stem

A waxy, shiny
outer covering to
the leaves
 Competition for survival

 Organisms can only survive if they have enough resources.

 When organisms try to occupy the same space or obtain the same
food, this is called competition.

 Plants such primroses flower early to avoid competition for light.

 Competition for survival
 Gannets live and breed
on remote rocks or
cliffs.
 Nests are placed
pecking distance apart
to mark territory.
 Population changes
with food availability
and the effect of
predators.