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Made by:
Milind Shukla
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Ú
M ANCIENT G EEKS

T

ST CENTU 
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ptical Úibers are thins long (km
strands of ultra pure glass
(silica
or plastic that can to transmit light from one end to
another without much attenuation or loss
The glass used to make
ptical Úibers is so pure that if the
Pacific
cean was filled with this glass then we would be
able to see the ocean bottom form the surface« 
This is to be believed as repeater distances on long haul
routes for optical fibers vary from 50 to 50 km


And how deep is the Pacifica ocean?

Ans
At the deepest point called the Marina Trench, The
pacific ocean is all of just km deep« 
 
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The light source (LAZE
at
the transmitting (Tx
end is
modulated by the electrical
signal and this modulated
light energy is fed into the

ptical Úiber
At the receiving end ( x

this light energy is made
incident on photo-sensors
which convert this light
signal back to electrical
signal
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As mans need and hunger for communication increased, the amount of
bandwidth required increased exponentially
Initially we used smoke signals, then horse riders for communicating But
these ways were way to slow and had very little bandwidth or data caring
capacity
Then came the telephone and telegraph that used copper wires for
communication But soon demand out striped the capacity and capability of
copper wires and data transport got added to voice communication Then
came Coaxial copper cables, VHÚ and UHÚ adios, Satellite but demand
still outstripped the supply
It was not until
ptical Úibers came on the scene that
large amount of communication bandwidth became
economically and easily available to everyone
As an example 50,000 voice / data circuit copper cable
is massive in size and very expensive, while a single

ptical Úiber, the diameter of human hair, can carry
5,00,000 circuits of voice and data This capacity is
increasing day by day as supporting electronics is
developing In itself the capacity of
ptical Úibers is
limitless
  Ê

mmÊ

 VE  HIGH INÚ
MATI
N CA ING CAPACIT
 LESS ATTENUATI
N (order of 0  db/km

 SMALL IN DIAMETE AND SIZE & LIGHT WEIGHT
4 L
W C
ST AS C
MPA ED T
C
PPE (as glass
is made from sand the raw material used to make

Ú is free«

5 G EATE SAÚET AND IMMUNE T
EMI & ÚI,
M
ISTU E & C

SSI
N
6 ÚLEXIBLE AND EAS T
INSTALL IN TIGHT
C
NDUICTS
7 ZE
ESALE VALUE (so theft is less

 IS DILECT IC IN NATU E S
CAN BE LAID IN
ELECTICALL SENSITIVE SU
UNDINGS
9 DIÚÚICULT T
TAP ÚIBE S, S
SECU E
0 N
C
SS TALK AND DISTU BANCES
  Ê

mmÊ

 The terminating equipment is still costly as compared to copper
equipment

f is delicate so has to be handled carefully
 Last mile is still not totally fiberised due to costly subscriber premises
equipment
4 Communication is not totally in optical domain, so repeated electric ±
optical ± electrical conversion is needed
5
ptical amplifiers, splitters, MUX-DEMUX are still in development stages
6 Tapping is not possible Specialized equipment is needed to tap a fiber
7
ptical fiber splicing is a specialized technique and needs expertly
trained manpower
 The splicing and testing equipments are very expensive as compared to
copper equipments
 ÊmmmÊ


 L
NG DISTANCE C
MMUNICATI
N BACKB
NES

 INTE -EXCHANGE JUNCTI
NS
 VIDE
T ANSMISSI
N
4 B
ADBAND SE VICES
5 C
MPUTE DATA C
MMUNICATI
N (LAN, WAN etc

6 HIGHT EMI A EAS
7 MILITA  APPLICATI
N
 N
N-C
MMUNICATI
N APPLICATI
NS (sensors etc«


ÊmmmÊ

SINGLE M
DE
Ú MULTI M
DE
Ú
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PGW Cable
 ADSS type
Ú Cable
 Self-Support AE IAL figure  type
Ú Cable
4 LASHED type
Ú Cable
5 UNDE G
UND / BU IED type
Ú Cables
6 DUCT Type
Ú Cable


 
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TD
SPLICING MACHINE

PTICAL TALK SETS

MECHANICAL SPLICE P
WE METE ,

T

L KIT LASE S
U CE,
ATTENUAT

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