Geology Unit Part II/V For Educators - Download Powerpoint and Unit at Www. Science Powerpoint

Part II/V
The Geology Topics Unit

This is Part II / V of
The Geology Topics Unit.
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video, unit notes, assessments, lab
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• What’s the only U.S. state that ends with
three vowels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Answer! Hawaii

• Which way is Hawaii moving? Why?

• Answer! Northwest

• Which Island in this picture is the oldest,
and which is the youngest?

• Answer: Niihau. As you move away from
the big island the islands get older.

• Erosion over time has shrunk the islands.
– The small islands have eroded the most.
Active
Volcano

• Place a circle in and area that use to be
one island, but erosion has turned into
several islands.

• Answer! Kahului use to be one large
island.

 Hawaii is caused by a hot spot: A location
above an upwelling of magma from the
mantle.

• A new Hawaiian Island is forming under
the ocean south of the big island.

• Activity! Making a volcanic island chain.

– Have one volunteer sharpen a red or green
colored pencil.

colored pencil.
– Create a crack big enough for the pencil to
poke through between the lab tables.

colored pencil.
– Group members move ocean plate (paper)
toward clock very slowly and curve it.

colored pencil.
– Person under table touches marker to paper
every thirty seconds for five minutes.

colored pencil.
– Make first circles largest, and last circles the
smallest.

colored pencil.
smallest.
– Sketch results in journal when complete.

colored pencil.
smallest.
– Sketch results in journal when complete.

e
T im

• Where is this in the United States?

• Answer! Yellowstone Park. Wyoming.

• This could happen to Yellowstone Park.

– The three super eruptions occurred 2.1
million, 1.3 million, and 640,000 years ago.

– An eruption of this magnitude would challenge
the survival of our civilization.

– An eruption of this magnitude would challenge
the survival of our civilization.

• Supervolcano: A volcano capable of
producing a super volcanic eruption, which
is a volcanic eruption with ejecta greater
than 1000 cubic kilometers.
• This is the range of serious destruction if
the Yellowstone Super Volcano were to
erupt.

• Explosions happen about “every 600,000
years at Yellowstone," says Chuck Wicks
of the U.S. Geological Survey, who has
studied the possibilities in separate work.
"And it's been about 620,000 years since
the last super explosive eruption there."

• The Hot Spot under the continent has
erupted periodically throughout history.

• The rest of the United States would be
buried in 1 meter of Ash.

– The global climate would shift for many years
as dust clouds would block out the sun.

– The global climate would shift for many years
as dust clouds would block out the sun.
– Agriculture would become difficult.

• Without the sun…

– Energy flow of life stops.

– There are no plants.

– There are no animals that eat plants.

– People are left to…?

– People are left to…?

• This is a picture of the caldera from the
last eruption of the Super Volcano.

• Which way is the continent moving based
on the previous eruptions of the
Yellowstone Supervolcano?

• Answer! The continent is moving West,
Southwest.

• Picture of Super volcano on Jupiter’s
moon Io.
 New Area of Focus: Volcanoes.

 Volcano: An opening in the Earth's crust
through which molten magma and gases
erupt.

• Activity! Google Earth, Visiting Volcanoes
• Mt Etna in Italy
• Mt Pinatubo – Indonesia
• Mt Rainer in Washington State
• Mount Saint Helens
• Stromboli – Mediterranean Sea
• Surtsey – Icleand
• Kilauea – Hawaii (Big Island – Only active)
• Mt Vesuvius
• Krakatoa - Indonesia
• The cataclysmic explosion of Krakatoa was
heard as far away as Western Australia,
about 1,930 miles.

about 1,930 miles.
– 36,417 (official toll) people died.

about 1,930 miles.
– 13,000 times the yield of the atomic bomb that
devastated Hiroshima, Japan.

about 1,930 miles.

about 1,930 miles.
Krakatoa use
to be here!

• Mt Fuji – Japan
– Most photographed Mountain in the world.
• Paricutin – Mexico (Started off as a crack
in a corn field)
 The positives of volcanoes
-
-
-
-
-
-

 New Land is formed.

 Release of healthy gases.

 Many gems and ores worth $.

• Sulfur mining: A horrible job
• Diamond mine / pit in Africa
• Mirny Diamond Mine, Serbia
 Hominids used obsidian (cutting tools) to
advance.

 Volcanic ash fertilizes land.

 Volcanic eruptions formed oceans and
early atmosphere.

 The negatives of volcanoes
-
-
-
-
Copyright ©
Copyright © 2010
2010 Ryan
Ryan P.
P. Murphy
Murphy
 Destruction and death.
 Loss of land until…?

 Release of poisonous and greenhouse
gases.

• Munch, The Scream, was inspired by the
sunsets caused from the particles after the
eruption of Krakatoa in 1883.

 Eruptions can have a tremendous impact
on global climate.

• Tambura 1815: The year without summer
 Mass extinction events. + / -

 Types of volcanoes
-
-
-
-
-
-

 Fissure.

 Shield.

• Olympus Mons was a shield volcano.
 Dome
 Ash Cinder
• Which is a dome volcano, and which is an
ash cinder volcano?

• Answer!
Dome
Ash Cinder
 Composite or Stratovolcano.

 Caldera Volcano: Large crater caused by
the violent explosion of a volcano that
collapses into a depression.
• Name that type of Volcano. 1-10.
– Word Bank: Fissure, Shield, Dome, Ash
Cinder, Composite or Stratovolcano, Caldera.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
• Bonus! Who is this falling into the volcano
within Mt. Doom?
• Second Bonus: Who is this actress playing
in the movie “Joe vs. the Volcano”
• Third Bonus: What movie is this? I think it
has something to do with a volcano?
• Answers! Name that type of Volcano. 1-10.
– Word Bank: Fissure, Shield, Dome, Ash Cinder,
Composite or Stratovolcano.

1
1
Composite /
Strato
volcano
2
2 Shield
3
3 Dome
4
4 Ash Cinder
5
5 Fissure
6
6 Ash Cinder
7
7 Shield
8
8 Caldera
9
9
Composite /
Strato
10
10 Fissure
• Bonus! Who is this falling into the volcano
within Mt. Doom?
• Bonus! Gollum from The LOTR. He is
melting in the lava of Mt. Doom.
• Second Bonus: Who is this actress playing
in the movie “Joe vs. the Volcano”
• Second Bonus: Meg Ryan
• Third Bonus: What movie is this? I think it
has something to do with a volcano?
• Third Bonus: Spy Kids.
 Pyroclasitc flow: A fast-moving avalanche
of hot lava fragments.

• Internet Video! Pyroclastic flow and Mt.
Saint Helens. (2 minutes)

 Pyroclastic rock: Rock ejected from a
volcano.

 Lahar: A flow of volcanic ash and water.

• A lahar is often produced when a snow-
capped volcano erupts and hot
pyroclastics melt a large amount of snow
or ice.

• Activity – Making a cheesy volcano
• Parts of a volcano, for Activity (next slide)
• Select the type of volcano you are going to
create.

create.
• Work inside tray to keep activity clean.

create.
• Use the film canister to hold magma

create.
• Use clay and filler to surround canister

create.
• Label parts of the volcano with toothpicks
and labeled flags.

create.
and labeled flags.
• Add baking soda, a drop of food coloring
and some dishwater detergent.

create.
and labeled flags.
• Add Vinegar at end

create.
and labeled flags.
• Add Vinegar at end.

• Questions / Follow-up! Please sketch you
volcano in your journal and label its parts.
• Learning the difference between lava and
magma

 Magma is beneath the earths surface

 Magma is beneath the earths surface

 Lava is above the surface

 Lava is above the surface

• This is lava
• This is lava.
• This is magma, why isn’t it a photo?
• Is this Magma or Lava?
• Answer! Lava
• Answer! Magma is beneath the crust.
“You can’t
see Magma
because
then it is
lava, or
you would
be dead.”

• Lava's composition determines its
behavior more than the temperature.

 3 types of lava
-
-
-

 Felsic lava: High in silica. (Sticky and
chunky) Highly explosive.

• It is like blowing a straw into a milkshake.
What happens?

• Answer!
• Felsic lava usually forms composite or
Strato-volcano’s.

 Mafic lava: Flows more, high in basalt.

• Mafic lava usually forms sheilds and
domes.
Flows rather than

explodes

 Intermediate: Has a higher amount of
silica (Silica = liquid quartz or sand)
 Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow.

 High viscosity = Travels slow because of high
resistance. (Felsic)

Low viscosity = Travels fast because low
resistance. (Mafic)

• Activity! What is more viscous?
– Remember, Viscosity is resistance to flow.

• Answer! The peanut butter doesn’t flow as
much as the ketchup so it has a higher
viscosity.

• Activity! The Condiment Olympics.

• Create the following spreadsheet in your journal.
Condiment Finish Time
Yogurt
Ketchup
Jelly
Maple Syrup
Water

• Activity!
– Place a spoon full of the following next to
each other at the top of a piece of wax paper.
Tilt paper (reinforce with a book) up at a 45
degree angle and allow contents to travel
slowly into tray. Record the times of each in a
race format.
• Yogurt
• Ketchup
• Jelly
• Maple Syrup
• Water

• Activity!
– Place a spoon full of the following next to
each other at the top of a piece of wax paper.
Tilt paper (reinforce with a book) up at a 45
degree angle and allow contents to travel
slowly into tray. Record the times of each in a
race format.
• Yogurt
• Ketchup
• Jelly
• Maple Syrup
• Water

• Questions?
– Which substance had the highest viscosity
and why?
– Which substance had the lowest viscosity
and why?
– Which type of lava from the notes has a
high viscosity, and which has a low?
– Name five other things and describe their
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
and why?

• Questions?
and why?
– Answer: Answers will vary based on the
brand. Generally, the ketchup was the
slowest down the ramp had the most
resistance to flow.

• Questions?
and why?

• Questions?
and why?
– Answer: The water had the lowest viscosity
and traveled quickly down the ramp on to
the floor almost immediately after putting it
on the ramp. Water was the clear gold
medal winner.

• Questions?
– Which type of lava from the notes has a
high viscosity, and which has a low?
– Answer: Felsic Lava flows very poorly, it
would be slower down the ramp than Mafic
Lava.

• Questions?
probable viscosity?
– Oil: Low viscosity
– Peanut Butter: High Viscosity
– Toothpaste: High Viscosity
– Hair Gel: High Viscosity
– Soda: Low Viscosity

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

• Questions?
probable viscosity?

End Part II / V of
much more at
End Part II / V of
much more at
End Part II / V of
much more at
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.




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Part II/V

The Geology Topics Unit

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy