Part IV/V

The Geology Topics Unit

 This is Part IV / V of
The Geology Topics Unit.
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 New Area of Focus: Rocks

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus: Rocks and Minerals

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus: Rocks and Minerals

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Rock: A mass or grouping of minerals.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Rocks can be big.
• Rocks can be big.

How big is this rock?

• Rocks can be big.

How big is this rock?

• Rocks can be little
• Used in buildings.
• Rocks are inorganic (non-living)
 Minerals are natural inorganic (non-living)
solids that join together (crystals) to make
unique compositions.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Minerals form from…

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• Minerals form from…

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Minerals form from…
• Cooling Magma

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• Minerals form from…
• Cooling Magma

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Minerals form from…
• Cooling Magma
• Minerals dissolved in liquid (liquid
evaporates and the atoms left behind
form crystals)

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Minerals form from…
• Cooling Magma
• Minerals dissolved in liquid (liquid
evaporates and the atoms left behind
form crystals)

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! Making Crystals!
• Activity! Growing Crystals Demonstration.
– Add salt to boiling hot water until no more will
dissolve.
– Soak a piece of cardboard in the salt solution,
then set it in a sunny, dry spot to dry.
– The next day, using a stereoscope, draw the
crystals that you see.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are
arranged in a repeating pattern.

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• A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are
arranged in a repeating pattern.

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• Water can form a crystal structure when
the atoms arrange themselves.
• Structure of a Diamond
• Video! The Deadly Crystal Cave.
• Do crystals have magic powers?

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• Answer! No!

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• Activity! Stare into this “magic” crystal, does it
make you feel more powerful or dizzy.

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• Quiz Wiz 1-10. (Oral / Hand signals) Is it a
rock, mineral, or neither? 1-10

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• Review!

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• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.
– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.
– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.
– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.
– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.
– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review!
– Rock: A grouping of minerals
– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-
living) solids that join together (crystals) to
make unique compositions.
– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

1
1 Rock
2
2 Mineral
3
3 Rock
4
4 Neither
5
5 Mineral
6 Not Pretzel
6 Mineral
(Salt)
• Table Salt (NaCl) under electron
microscope on pretzel is a mineral.
7
7 Mineral
8
8 Rock
9
9 Mineral
10
10 Mineral
• #11 Bonus:

“Who am I?”
“Any of my
names
count.”
• #11 Answer: “I am The Rock.”
“My real name is
Dwayne
Johnson.”
• #11 Answer: “I am The Rock.”
“My real name is
Dwayne
Johnson.”
• #11 Answer: “I am The Rock.”
“My real name is
Dwayne
Johnson.”
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
• #11 Answer:
 Uses of Minerals
-
-

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 Gems: Rare highly prized minerals.

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• Activity! How many gemstones can the
class name?
• Birth Stones.
 Ores: Useful mineral that can be mined for
profit.

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 Six types of crystals.
-
-
-
-
-
-

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 Hexagonal.
 (Fouraxes, three are equal in length and lie
at an angle of 120° from each other).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Hexagonal.
– (Four axes, three are equal in length and lie at
an angle of 120° from each other)
• Hexagonal.
– (Four axes, three are equal in length and lie at
an angle of 120° from each other)
• Hexagonal.
– (Four axes, three are equal in length and lie at
an angle of 120° from each other)
• Hexagonal.
– (Four axes, three are equal in length and lie at
an angle of 120° from each other)
• Trigonal – Part of Hexagonal.
 Triclinic:
 (3 axis, all unequal and none at 90° angles).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Triclinic.

1
• Triclinic. (3 axis)

2
• Triclinic. (3 axis)

3
 Orthorhombic: (All axis unequal in length,
and 90° degrees from each other).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Monoclinic:
 Allaxis unequal in length.
 Two of them are at right angles to each other,
while the third is lies at an angle other than
90°.
• Monoclinic. (All axis unequal in length)
• Monoclinic. (All unequal in length)
• Monoclinic. (All axis unequal in length)
• Monoclinic. (All axis unequal in length)
 Tetragonal. (Three axes, two are equal in
length, one is unequal.)

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• Tetragonal. (Three axes, two are equal in
length, one is unequal.)
• Tetragonal. (Three axes, two are equal in
length, one is unequal.)
• Tetragonal. (Three axes, two are equal in
length, one is unequal.)
• Tetragonal. (Three axes, two are equal in
length, one is unequal.)
 Isometric:
 (Can you describe…?)

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 (All three axes are equal in length an at
90° degrees from each other.)
• Who can hold on to their token? If you get
the question correct you don’t lose your
token.
– Best of luck, you are on the honor system.

Warning! Rarely
does anyone win
on this challenge.
• 50 / 50 Challenge
• True = Cover side False =
• 50 / 50 Challenge
• True = Cover side False =
• 50 / 50 Challenge
• True = Cover side False = Mirror side
• This crystal is hexagonal?
• This crystal is hexagonal?
• False! Tetragonal (2 equal sides)
• This crystal is hexagonal?
• This crystal is hexagonal?
• True! (3 equal sides)
• Which crystal is Isometric?
• Which crystal is Isometric?
• This crystal is tetragonal?
• This crystal is tetragonal?
• False! Monoclinic (Not 90°)
• This is a monoclinic crystal?
• This is a monoclinic crystal?
• True! All unequal sides.
• These are both tetragonal crystals?
• These are both tetragonal crystals?
• True! 2 sides are equal.
• Which is a hexagonal crystal?
• Which is a hexagonal crystal?
• The other is tetragonal?
• The other is tetragonal?
• False! Monoclinic (no equal sides)
• This is a isometric crystal?
• This is a isometric crystal?
• True! (All equal and 90°).
• This crystal Isometric?

i
• This crystal Isometric?
• False! Orthorhombic. (Unequal).

i
• Does anyone still have their cd?
• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Hexagonal
• Isometric
• Tetragonal
• Orthorhombic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Hexagonal
• Isometric
• Tetragonal
• Orthorhombic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Hexagonal
• Isometric
• Tetragonal
• Orthorhombic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Hexagonal
• Isometric
• Tetragonal
• Orthorhombic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Hexagonal
• Isometric
• Tetragonal
• Orthorhombic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What is the crystal type for the fake
“Unobtainium” from the movie AVATAR.
What is the crystal type for the fake
“Unobtainium” from the movie AVATAR.
What is the crystal type for the fake
“Unobtainium” from the movie AVATAR.
Answer! Isometric (Galena Mineral)
• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

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• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

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• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Please try and match the name to the
crystal type.
• Monoclinic
• Trigonal
• Triclinic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Last Question! What movie is this?
• Answer! The Dark Crystal 1982 Directed
by Jim Henson and Frank Oz.
 Two main type of minerals
-
-

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 Silicate Minerals: Contain silica and
oxygen. 75% of all minerals.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Non-silicate minerals: All others.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! Learning to identify minerals.
– You will be given class time to memorize the
small collection of minerals.
– You will then be tested on how well you can
identify them.
 Physical Property: A characteristic that can
be observed or measured without
changing the identity of the substance.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Physical Property: A characteristic that can
be observed or measured without
changing the identity of the substance.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
• Minerals have physical properties. The
properties tell the difference between
minerals.
 Mineral Properties
-
-
-
-
-
-

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 Luster: How light is reflected from a
mineral.
 Metallic
(shiny).
 or non-metallic (dull).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Which letter represents something with
high luster?

B
• Answer! Letter A. The ball bearings are
highly reflective. The table is dull.

B
• Which picture shows a metallic mineral
with high luster?
A
B
• Answer! Letter B.

A
B
 Hardness: How easily a mineral can be
scratched.

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• Color: Tells what atoms make up the
mineral.
 Streak: The color of the mineral when it is
broken up and powdered

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 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral
breaks.
 Smooth flat breaks “Cleavage”
 Rough jagged edges “Fracture”

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 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral
breaks.
 Smooth flat breaks “Cleavage”
 Rough jagged edges “Fracture”

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 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral
breaks.
 Smooth flat breaks “Cleavage”
 Rough jagged edges “Fracture”

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral
breaks.
 Smooth flat breaks “Cleavage”
 Rough jagged edges “Fracture”

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral
breaks.
 Smooth flat breaks “Cleavage”
 Rough jagged edges “Fracture”

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 Specific Gravity: How dense the mineral
is?

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 Smell.

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 Solubility in water.

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 Solubility in acid.

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 Does it melt ice?

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• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.
– Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral.
– Metallic (shiny).
– or non-metallic (dull).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.
– Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral.
– Metallic (shiny).
– or non-metallic (dull).
– Hardness: How easily a mineral can be
scratched.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.
– Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral.
– Metallic (shiny).
– or non-metallic (dull).
– Hardness: How easily a mineral can be
scratched.
– Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.
– Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral.
– Metallic (shiny).
– or non-metallic (dull).
– Hardness: How easily a mineral can be
scratched.
– Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral.
– Streak: The color of the mineral when it is
broken up and powdered.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.
– Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral.
– Metallic (shiny).
– or non-metallic (dull).
– Hardness: How easily a mineral can be
scratched.
– Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral.
– Streak: The color of the mineral when it is
broken up and powdered.
– Specific Gravity: How dense the mineral is?

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! The physical and chemical
properties of minerals.
– Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral.
– Metallic (shiny).
– or non-metallic (dull).
– Hardness: How easily a mineral can be
scratched.
– Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral.
– Streak: The color of the mineral when it is
broken up and powdered.
– Specific Gravity: How dense the mineral is?

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

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 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 New Area of Focus. The Rock Cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 The rock cycle: How one rocks changes
into another.
 Driven by plate tectonics.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 The rock cycle: How one rocks changes
into another.
 Driven by plate tectonics.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Review: Rock: A mixture of Minerals
• Activity! Recording the Rock Cycle
(Musical)
– Whole page needed in journal.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Each table group will be assigned a rock
from the rock cycle.
– They must sing the name of that rock when
called upon.
– Igneous.
– Sedimentary.
– Metamorphic.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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 New
Material
Added
From
Mantle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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• Video! Louie Quartzite.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• New rock from the rock cycle

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Igneous Rocks: Molten earth cooled.
 Intrusive – cooled below crust.
 Extrusive – cooled or earth surface (faster).

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 Igneous Rocks: Molten earth cooled.
 Intrusive – cooled below crust.
 Extrusive – cooled or earth surface (faster).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Igneous Rocks: Molten earth cooled.
 Intrusive – cooled below crust.
 Extrusive – cooled or earth surface (faster).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Can rocks float?
• Answer! Yes. Picture of floating Pumice
Island.

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Floating Pumice from Volcano
 Classification of Igneous Rocks
-
-
-

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Basaltic: Dark, heavy (dense), Iron.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Granitic: Light colored, less heavy,
filled with oxygen.

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 Andesitic: Intermediate.

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• Quiz 1-10, Is it Basaltic, Granitic or Name
the Rock Band.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
#11 Bonus
• Answers 1-10. Is it Basaltic, Granitic, or
name that rock band.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

1
1 Granitic
2
2 Basaltic
3
3 KISS
4
4 Basaltic
5
5 Granitic
6
6 Basaltic
7
7 AC/DC
8
8 Granitic
9
9 Basaltic
10
10 Granitic
#11 Bonus
#11 Tom Petty
 End Part IV / V of
The Geology Topics Unit.
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 End Part IV / V of
The Geology Topics Unit.
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 End Part IV / V of
The Geology Topics Unit.
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 • More Units Available at…

Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 • More Units Available at…

Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 • More Units Available at…

Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy