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Ô The basic moral obligation that the employer has
towards the employees, according to the rational view
of the firm , is to provide them with the compensation
they have freely and knowingly agreed to receive in
exchange for their services. There are two main issues
related to this obligation:
Ô Fairness of wages
Ô Fairness of employee working conditions .
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Ô From the employeeǯs point of view, wages are the only
means for satisfying the basic economic needs of the
worker and the workerǯs family.
Ô From the employerǯs point of view, wages are a cost of
production that must be kept down lest the product be
priced out of the market. Therefore every employer
faces the dilemma of setting fair wages.
Ô How can a fair balance be struck between the
employerǯs interests in minimising costs and the
workerǯs interest in providing a decent living for
themselves and their families?
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Ô Wages in developing countries are said to be too low
relative to the wages of employees in the more
advanced, developed nations where these companies
are headquartered.
Ô Wages in developing countries are too low relative to
what the company can afford or relative to the
revenues the company makes on the products
assembled by workers in developing nations.
Ô Wages in developing nations are too low relative to
what a family needs to live. The term Dzliving wagedz is
sometimes used to indicate what a wage earner would
need to earn to support a family of four.
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Ô ?ocal wages
Ô Firmǯs ability to pay
Ô Burdens of the job
Ô Minimum wage laws
Ô Fair relations to other salaries in the firm
Ô Fair wage negotiations
Ô ?ocal living costs.
WORKING
ONDITIONS:
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Ô orkplace hazards include not only the more obvious

categories of mechanical injury, electrocution and burns
but also extreme heat and cold, noisy machinery, rock dust,
textile fibre dust, chemical fumes, mercury, lead beryllium,
arsenic, corrosives, poisons, skin irritants, radiation.
Ô In order to prevent these hazards in 1970 Congress passed
the Occupational Safety and Health Act and created
ccupational Safety and Health Administration
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Ô Thus fair working conditions require :
Ô Studying and eliminating job risks
Ô Compensating for risk
Ô Informing workers of known risks
Ô Insuring workers against unknown risks

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Ô The rational parts of the organisation put a high value on
efficiency. All jobs and tasks are to be designed so as to
achieve the organisationǯs goal as efficiently as possible.
hen efficiency is achieved through specialization, the
rational aspects of the organization tend to incorporate the
highly specialized jobs.
Ô Jobs can be specialised in two dimensions. Jobs can be
specialised horizontally by restricting the range of different
tasks contained in the job and increasing the repetition of
this narrow range of tasks. Jobs can be specialized vertically
by restricting the range of control and decision making
over the activity that the job involves.
Ô 
 
  is most obvious at the operating
levels of the organisations. Assembly line work usually
consists of closely supervised, repetitive, and simple
tasks. ?ow-level clerical jobs tend to be fragmented,
repetitive, dull, and closely monitored.
Ô Excessive job specialisation is undesirable because it
places unjust burden on labours. It also doesnǯt
contribute to efficiency
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Ô Experienced meaningfulness: the individual must

perceive his work as worthwhile or important by some
system of value he accepts.
Ô Experienced responsibility: he must believe that he is
personally accountable for the outcome of his efforts.
Ô Knowledge of results: he must be able to determine on
some regular basis, whether the outcomes of his work
are satisfactory
Ô For influencing these determinants, jobs must be
expanded along five dimensions:
Ô Skill variety
Ô Task identity
Ô Task significance
Ô Autonomy
Ô Feedback
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YY I H S

Ô There are certain rights of employees, they are:

Ô Right to privacy:
Ô Deals with relevance, consent, and methods while collecting
information.
Ô Freedom of conscience
Ô histle blowing:
Ô An attempt by a member or former member of an
organisation to disclose wrong doing in or by the
organization.
Ô Right to due process versus employment at will
Ô Right to organise.
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Ô The term CSR come into existence in 1970
Ô CSR is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated
into business model
Ô CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into
corporate decision making
Ô Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically
during the 1980ǯs and 1990ǯs both within major
corporations and academia.
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Ô CSR is a subject to make a debate and criticism
Ô The debates are,
Ô There is a strong business case for CSR in that
corporation benefit in multiple ways
Ô CSR distract from fundamental economic role of
Business
Ô It is titled to aid an organizations mission as well as a
guide to what the company stands for and will uphold
to its consumers
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