|



 

Chapter III
i 

! ©hy is the conservation of natural resources

important?
! ©hat do we have to gain by protecting our
resources?
J i 

! ailgrims arrived in North America to find a

wilderness of vast forests, broad prairies,
and abundant water.
! Indians felt wildlife was very important to
them. They did not have large scale farming,
factories, and did not stay in one place long
enough to have a negative effect on the
area.
R

  

! Ôuropean settlers created a almost

immediate impact on the land.
! They brought livestock and farming
techniques and created towns and cities
similar to those in Ôurope.
! The supply of land seemed endless.
©
 
  

! The making unwise use of resources.

! Includes killing too much game and not
eating it or cutting trees and using them.
! Much of the nation¶s wildlife was destroyed
by wasteful exploitation.
a  
R
 ©


! In 1872, land that later became Yellowstone

National aark was set aside in Idaho,
Montana, and ©yoming.
! In 1916, the x   a  was
established.
! In 1900, the U.S. Congress passed the
Game Bird and ©ild Bird areservation Act.
Known as the [, the law regulates
the shipment of illegally killed animals.
a  
R
 ©


! The Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929

was the firs major step in protecting
migratory birds such as ducks and geese.
! In 1934, the Migratory Bird Hunting stamp
Act was passed. This law obligated all
waterfowl hunters to buy a special hunting
stamp in addition to the cost of state hunting
license.
a  
R
 ©


! In 1937, Congress passe4d the aittman-Robertson

Act. This law placed an excise tax on all hunting
equipment and ammunition.
! In 1966, The Ôndangered Species Act was passed
by Congress. This Act protected endangered and
threatened wildlife species. Money was
appropriated to identify rare, threatened, or
endangered species and to manage those
populations so they might increase in numbers.
a  
R
 ©


! In 1966, ©

 was
organized as part of the U.S. Fish and
©ildlife Service.
! These contain vast land areas. Some are
occasionally open for hunting and other
uses.
a  
R
 ©


! The   
 , an agency in the

U.S. Department of Agriculture, has 156
national forests throughout the nation.
! These vast areas were originally set up to
protect timber and water as part of the
federal forest conservation policy of 1891.
 

! 1852, Maine had a person in each county to

enforce deer and moose hunting regulations.
! 1895, North Dakota was the first state to
have a law requiring hunters to buy licenses.
! 1900, many states had agencies to manage
areas related to wildlife, especially game
animals.
[

 ©

 

!   

 studied birds of
North America.
! He learned to draw birds while growing up in
aennsylvania. Later published a book of 435
life-sized birds.
! The American Audubon Society was formed
and named for the famed naturalist.
[

 ©

 

!    is known as an explorer, naturalist, and

writer.
! Spent years hiking the forests of the United States
and other nations.
! His encouragement of aresident Theodore
Roosevelt resulted in the two parks being set up in
1890.
! Founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to promote
conservation.
[

 ©

 

! J 

  served as president of the
U.S. using his power to influence wildlife
conservation.
! The U.S. Forest Service expanded and five national
parks were set up.
! Also 18 national monuments were established and
51 bird reservations were set up.
! He supported irrigation projects to open dry areas in
the western U.S. for crop farming.
! He is considered the father of the conservation
movements.
[

 ©

 

!  
a   promoted the conservation
of forest lands in the U.S.
! He became president of the National
Conservation Committee.
! He wrote the book, J
  


, which was published in 1910.
! He later served as the governor of
aennsylvania.
[

 ©

 

! 
[

was a pioneer in applying ecology to
wildlife management
! He felt people should enjoy natural areas without
damaging the presence of these areas.
! He organized and set up an educational department
that evolved as ³wildlife ecology´.
! He became the first professor of wildlife
management in the U.S.
! He stressed the need to understand and respond to
predators and disease.
[

 ©

 

! x
  was a writer and cartoonist
who took great interest in the conservation of natural
resources.
! He used cartoons to promote his interest in wildlife.
! His cartoon are classics that depict shameful waste
of wildlife.
! He later became president of the National ©ildlife
Federation.


©
   

! i 

 is the placing a band around
the leg of a bird to identify it for study.
! J




   is a process
used to boost low wildlife populations or
develop new populations.
! [
     is used to provide a
secure habitat for species that require
special protected areas.


©
   

! ©


   
 is counting the number
of wildlife in an area.
!   
 is determining the kinds and
amounts of vegetation present in important wildlife
areas.
! ©

 work focuses on educational
programs for the public.
! R
      
about wildlife are
made by state and federal agencies based on
information on wildlife numbers and conditions.
©
   
a
  

! J  Ë Animal species may exist in

shallow or limiting habitats, such as those
limited to islands or confined bodies of water.
! J JË Animal species may be
characterized as having high economic
importance and often living in international
territory.
©
   
a
  

! J J Ë Animal species that are large

in size and often described as a predator are
particularly threatened.
! J Ë Animal species that have
limited numbers of offspring, characterized
by long gestation or incubation periods and
often requiring extensive care are especially
threatened.
©
   
a
  

! J  Ë Animal species that are highly

specialized with physical or behavioral
adaptations are often threatened.


     

! Hunting restrictions
! aredator control
! Game land reservation, such as forests and parks
! Replenishing wildlife species through artificial
restocking and game farm methods.
! Ônvironmental controls, such as food sources,
habitat, disease, and other special factors.
©
a
  

! The rate at which mature wildlife organism

are produced.
! Uses strategies that consider animal
populations and productivity impacted by
natural caused, hunting, introduced
predators, nonpredatory exotic species, and
habitat modification.