EXPERT SYSTEM

SOYEL TABSUM ALAM

• Computer Science and Engineering

• 4th Year , Group I
• Roll – 071090101053
• Netaji Subhash Engineering College
 Expert Systems
An expert system is a knowledge
based information system that is
designed to hold the accumulated
knowledge of one or more domain

experts and uses its knowledge about

a specific, complex application area
to act as an expert consultant
 Important Expert System Components

User
Interface
A facility for the user to interact
with the Expert System

Inference
Reasoning (Thinking). Makes Engine
logical deductions based upon
the knowledge in the KB.

Knowledge
Base
Contains the domain knowledge
 Components of an
Expert System
• Knowledge base
– Stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and
relationships used by the expert system
• Inference engine
– Seeks information and relationships from the knowledge
base and provides answers, predictions, and suggestions in
the way a human expert would
• Rule
– A conditional statement that links given conditions to
actions or outcomes
 Components of an
Expert System
• Backward chaining
– A method of reasoning that starts with conclusions and
works backward to the supporting facts
• Forward chaining
– A method of reasoning that starts with the facts and works
forward to the conclusions
 Explanation Facility
• Explanation facility
– A part of the expert system that allows a user or
decision maker to understand how the expert
system arrived at certain conclusions or results
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
– Knowledge acquisition facility
• Provides a convenient and efficient means of capturing
and storing all components of the knowledge base

Knowledge
Knowledge acquisition
base facility

Joe Expert
Explanation Inference
facility engine

Knowledge
base User
Knowledge
acquisition interface
base
facility

Experts User
 Participants in Expert Systems
Development and Use
• Domain expert
– The individual or group whose expertise and knowledge is
captured for use in an expert system
• Knowledge user
– The individual or group who uses and benefits from the
expert system
• Knowledge engineer
– Someone trained or experienced in the design,
development, implementation, and maintenance of an
expert system
Schematic
 Expert
system

Knowledge engineer
Domain expert Knowledge user
 Expert Systems Types
• Expert Systems Versus Knowledge-based
Systems
• Rule-based Expert Systems
• Frame-based Systems
• Hybrid Systems
• Model-based Systems
• Ready-made (Off-the-Shelf) Systems
• Real-time Expert Systems
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 Expert Systems Benefits
• Helps preserve knowledge
• Helps if expertise is scarce, expensive, or
unavailable
• Helps if under time and pressure constraints
– Improved Decision Quality
– Increased Output and Productivity
• Helps in training new employees
– Intelligent tutor (lecture non-experts)
– Knowledge Transfer to Remote Locations
 Problems and Limitations of
Expert Systems
• Knowledge is not always readily available
• Expertise can be hard to extract from humans
• Expert Systems work well only in a narrow domain
of knowledge
• Knowledge engineers are rare and expensive
• Expert Systems are expensive to design & maintain
• Lack of trust by end-users (we are still dealing with a
computer)
• Inability to learn
 Some Expert System Tools

• PROLOG
– A logic programming language that uses backward chaining.
• CLIPS –
– NASA took the forward chaining capabilities and syntax of ART and
introduced the "C Language Integrated Production System" (i.e.,
CLIPS) into the public domain.
• OPS5
– First AI language used for Production System (XCON)
• EMYCIN,
– Is an expert shell for knowledge representation, reasoning, and
explanation
• MOLE
– A knowledge acquisition tools for acquiring and maintaining domain
knowledge
 Some Expert System Examples
• MYCIN (1972-80)
– MYCIN is an interactive program that diagnoses certain infectious
diseases, prescribes antimicrobial therapy, and can explain its
reasoning in detail
• PROSPECTOR
– Provides advice on mineral exploration
• XCON
– configure VAX computers .
 Acknowledgement
• I would like to take this opportunity to thank
my friends and our teachers who have had
assisted us with all their valuable time and
knowledge.