Windows Server 2003

DHCP 安裝設定與管理維護

林寶森
jeffl@ms11.hinet.net
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

DHCP Client2:
Non-DHCP Client: IP configuration
Static IP from DHCP server
configuration

Lease Renewal

Lease Generation

DHCP Server

DHCP Client1: DHCP

IP configuration Database
from DHCP server
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1
IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2
IP Address3: Available to be leased
The DHCP Lease Generation Process
DHCP Client DHCP Servers

1 IP
IP Lease
Lease Request
Request

IP
IP Lease
Lease Offer
Offer 2

3 IP
IP Lease
Lease Selection
Selection

IP
IP Lease
Lease 4
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement
The DHCP Lease Renewal Process
DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST
Source
SourceIPIPAddress
Address==192.168.0.77
192.168.0.77
Dest.
Dest.IP
IPAddress
Address==192.168.0.108
192.168.0.108
Requested
RequestedIPIPAddress
Address==192.168.0.77
192.168.0.77
Hardware
HardwareAddress
Address==08004....
08004....

DHCPACK
DHCPACK
Source
SourceIP IP Address
Address==192.168.0.108
192.168.0.108
Dest.
Dest.IPIPAddress
Address==192.168.0.77
192.168.0.77
Offered
OfferedIP IPAddress
Address==192.168.0.77
192.168.0.77
Client
ClientHardware
HardwareAddress
Address==08004...
08004...
Subnet
SubnetMask
Mask==255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Length
Lengthof ofLease
Lease==88days
days
DHCP Client Server DHCP Server
ServerIdentifier
Identifier==192.168.0.108
192.168.0.108
DHCP
DHCPOption:
Option:Router
Router==192.168.0.1
192.168.0.1
Automatic Private IP Addressing
DHCP Server
(Offline)
Request
Requestfor
forIP
IPAddress
Address
Computer Running
Windows XP / 2003

No
APIPA
APIPA IP Address
Generates
Generates IP
IP Address
Address Returned
169.254.X.X

Broadcasts
Broadcaststhe
the
IP
IPAddress
Address
No
Response
Assigns
Assigns IP
IP Address
Address
Securing the DHCP Service
Active Directory
DHCP Server 1
DHCP Server 2

Authorized List
DHCP Administrators

DHCP Log
DHCP Users
DHCP Server 1 DHCP Server 2
Overview of Scopes

Scope
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.1
IP Addresses Available for
192.168.1.2 Lease to Client Computers
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4
DHCP Server
Selecting DHCP Options
DHCP option Description
A preferred list of IP addresses for routers on the
Routers same subnet as the DHCP clients
IP addresses for DNS name servers that DHCP
DNS servers clients use to resolve names
Domain name that DHCP clients should use
DNS domain when resolving names
A preferred NetBIOS name resolution method for
WINS node type the DHCP client to use
IP addresses of primary and secondary WINS
WINS server servers for the DHCP client to use
Reserving IP Addresses for
Client Computers
New Reservation

Provide information for a reserved client.

 A reservation is a
Reservation name: Stuttgart Server
specific IP address,
192 . 168 . 1 . 201
within a scope,
IP address:

MAC address: 00a024e2b01a

that is permanently
Description: DHCP Reservation for Server
reserved for leased
Supported types
use to a specific
Both DHCP client
DHCP only
BOOTP only

Add Close
Examining Option Classes
• Vendor-defined classes manage DHCP options that are
assigned to clients that are identified by vendor type
• User-defined classes manage DHCP options that are
assigned to clients with common configuration
requirements
Client1
Configuration A
Client2
DHCP Configuration B Client3
Server

Configuration C
Relative IPCONFIG Options
• IPCONFIG /all
Display full configuration information

• IPCONFIG /renew
Renew the IP address for the specified adapter

• IPCONFIG /release
Release the IP address for the specified adapter
Configuring a Superscope
SuperscopeA
SuperscopeA
DHCP Scope1 Scope2
Server 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1

192.168.1.254 192.168.2.254

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.254

Configuring a Multicast Scope
Computer2

DHCP Server Multicast

Group
Request
Requestfor
for
Multicast Address
Multicast Address
Multicast
Multicast
Address
AddressAssigned
Assigned
Computer1 Computer3

Computer4
Routed Network Configuration Options
DHCP Client

Non RFC RFC-1542

Compliant Compliant
Broadcast
Router Router
Broadcast

Broadcast

DHCP
Relay Broadcast
Agent
DHCP Client
Windows 2003
Server DHCP Server
Enhancing DHCP Availability
with Distributed Scopes
Scope for
192.168.1.X/24
defined in both
DHCP Servers

Active Addresses Excluded Addresses

Excluded Addresses Active Addresses

DHCP Server DHCP Server

What Is a DHCP Database?
• The DHCP database contains DHCP configuration data,
such as information about scopes, reservations, options,
and leases
• Windows Server 2003 stores the DHCP database in the
directory %Systemroot%\System32\Dhcp
• The DHCP database files include:
 DHCP.mdb
 Res*.log
 Tmp.edb
 J50.chk
 J50.log and J50*.log
How a DHCP Database Is Reconciled

DHCP Detailed IP
address lease
Database information Compares information
to find inconsistencies
Registry Summary IP
address lease
information
Reconciles
inconsistencies in the
DHCP Server DHCP database

Summary information
Client has IP address
192.168.1.34
Example
Detailed information Reconciled DHCP database
IP address 192.168.1.34
Create an active lease entry
is available
What Are DHCP Statistics?

DHCP Server

DHCP statistics represent statistics collected at either the server level

or scope level since the DHCP service was last started
What Is a DHCP Audit Log File?
A DHCP audit log is a log of service-related events, such as when: the service
starts and stops; authorizations have been verified; or IP addresses are leased,
renewed, released, or denied