TRIBALS OF INDIA

Made by :
Dhruvin
Pallav
Ankit
Viral
Kunjan
Keval
Paresh
Flow of presentation
Introduction
History
Types of tribals
Education
Economy
Geographical overview
Main concerns
Government steps
Conclusion
Sources
Introduction
Tribal's can be identified through following
attributes:

Ø Geographical isolation
Ø Backwardness
Ø Distinctive culture
Ø Shyness of contact
 History
Detailed Research by eminent historians place
the origin of tribals of India since the time
between 500 to 200 B.C

The Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata
also have the mention of tribals in them.

Ravana and his demons were considered
aboriginal tribes and the death of Krishna at
the hands of Bhilla Jaratha who was also a
tribal.
History (Contd.)
 Little is known about the relationship between the
Adivasis and non-Adivasis communities during
the Hindu and Muslim rules.

 There are stray references to wars and alliances
between the Rajput kings and tribal chieftains in
middle India and in the North-East between the
Ahom Kings of Brahmaputra valley.

 Even today, the upper caste people refer to these
peoples as jangli, a derogatory term meaning
"those who are like wild animals" - uncivilized or
sub-humans.



Types of tribals
Tribes people constitute 8% of the total
population of the country that is nearly 68
million people.

There are some 573 communities recognized
by the government as Scheduled tribes and
there fore eligible to receive special benefits.

The major types of tribals are Gonds , Santals
and Chaimals of Andaman and Nicobar
islands.

Education
Reserving places for tribal children in middle
and high schools and higher education
institutions are central to government policy.

Children attend for the first three to four years
of primary school and gain a smattering of
knowledge, only to lapse into illiteracy later.

Very few are eligible to attend institutions of
higher education


Literacy Rate
Economy
Most tribes are concentrated in heavily
forested areas that combine inaccessibility
with limited political or economic significance.

The Indian Tribals are largely depended on
agriculture and hunting; due to lack of
education which results in less employment.

Tribal members have been drawn deeply into
debt or mortgaged their land
Geographical Overview
Tribal peoples constitute 8.2% of the nation's
total population

Next to African countries India has the largest
population of tribal groups

In Madhya Pradesh tribal population is around
12 million people
Geographical Overview (Contd.)
Smaller numbers of tribal people in south,
western and Union Territories of India

In the northeastern states Assam, Manipur,
Sikkim, and Tripura, tribal peoples form
between 20 and 30% of the population.


 Central Indian states have the country's largest

tribes with 75% of the total tribal population
living there.

Geographical Overview (Contd.)
In Bihar, Orissa and Maharashtra tribal
population is around 10 to 20% each

In Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland
tribal people constitute around 70 to 90%
 STATEWI SE TRI BAL
CONCENTRATI ONS
I N I NDI A

No Census

Islands
Main Concerns
Lack of awareness regarding distinct
problems of STs and often clubbing them
with other disadvantaged groups.

Low level of HDI as compared to rest of the
population.

Poor infrastructure leading to low capacity
of the economy in tribal areas to
effectively absorb institutional finance.

Main Concerns (Contd.)
Non marketability of social sector programs
leading to increased vulnerability in
liberalized economy.
Food scarcity in spite of surplus food
production

Government Steps
Development of long neglected forest
villages without proper infrastructure,
have been taken up as focused area.

A new higher education oriented scheme to
provide fellowships for M. Phil. and Ph. D
courses has been conceived and Rs. 8.8 crore
for the same has been provided in 2005-06.
Government Steps(Contd.)
Documentaries on various tribes of the
country are being telecast on DD-1 every
Friday at 9 AM under the title Janjatiya
Darpan to create awareness about our
rich tribal heritage.

The Budget allocation of various Plan
schemes/ programmes of the Ministry for
2005-06 is Rs.1498.82 crore – An
increase of 30.78 %.

Conclusion
 Education to tribals has been the main concern all over

for the government and the existence of superstition

and blind belief has made the work of government
more difficult.
 The tribal communities have remain isolated and have a

totally different world view of socio economic

phenomena.
 Development of tribals is necessary for further

development and to minimize inequality

 The tribals are a part of Indian society, at the same time

they are different

Sources
 The Economist – 24th April 2010

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivasi

 M.S. Golwalkar: Bunch of Thoughts, p.479.

 Sameeksha Trust, P. 1229 Economic and Political Weekly

 http://www.scribd.com/doc/36544264/Tribal-Situation-in-India

Thank You