cisco router configuration basics

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 overview

 router configuration controls the operation of the

router:

 interface address and netmask

 routing information (static or dynamic)

 booting and startup information

 security (passwords)

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 overview

 configuration statements have different contexts:

 global:
enable-password mysecret

 interface:
interface ethernet0
ip address 195.176.118.254
255.255.255.0

router:
router ospf 1
network 195.176.118.0 0.0.0.255 area
0
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 global configuration

 global configuration statements are independent of

any particular interface or routing protocol, e.g.:

hostname myrouter

enable-password mysecret

service password-encryption

logging facility local0

logging 195.176.118.42

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 global configuration

 ip-specific global configuration statements:

ip classless

 static route creation:

ip route 195.176.118.0 255.255.248.0 195.176.31.1

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 interface configuration

 interfaces are named by type and position; e.g.:

ethernet0, ethernet1,... ethernet5
serial0, serial1 ... serial3

 and can be abbreviated:

ethernet0 or eth0 or e0
serial0 or ser0 or s0

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 interface configuration

 ip address and netmask configuration, using interface

commands (interactive configuration example, showing
prompts):
router#config terminal
router(config)#interface e0
router(config-if)#ip address 195.176.118.254 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)#no shutdown
router(config-if)#^Z
router#

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 There are two modes on a cisco router

 normal mode
 router>

 enable mode
 router> enable

 router# config terminal

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 interface configuration

 administratively enable/disable the interface

router(config-if)#no shutdown
router(config-if)#shutdown

(config-if)# no ip proxy-arp
(config-if)# no ip directed broadcast
(config-if)# no ip redirect

 description
#description 128k circuit 123-ABC to hotel

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 where is the configuration?
 router always has two configurations:

 running configuration
 in RAM, determines how the router is currently operating
 is changed by using the configuration command
 to see it: show running

 startup configuration
 in NVRAM, determines how the router will operate after
next reload
 is changed using the copy command
 to see it: show startup

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 where is the configuration?
 can also be stored in more permanent places:
 external hosts, using TFTP to move it around

 in flash memory in the router

 copy command is used to move it around

copy run start
copy run tftp
copy start tftp
copy tftp start
copy flash start
copy start flash

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 looking at the configuration

 use “show running-configuration” to see the

current configuration

 use “show startup-configuration” to see the

configuration in NVRAM, that will be loaded the next
time the router is rebooted or reloaded

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 changing the configuration
 configuration statements can be entered interactively at
the console, or in a telnet session,

 or, edited in a text file and uploaded to the router at a

later time;

 some configuration statements, especially access lists,

are very difficult to work with interactively, so editing
and uploading the file is the only practical way to work;

 also allows version control and auditing changes

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 interactive configuration

 can use direct serial connection to console port, or

 telnet to vty’s (“virtual terminals”), or

 modem connection to aux port

 in every case, changes are made (almost) immediately,

to the running configuration

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 interactive configuration

 enter configuration mode, using “configure term”

 prompt gives a hint about where you are:

router#configure terminal
router(config)#hostname K-rtr
K-rtr(config)#ip classless
K-rtr(config)#ip subnet-zero
K-rtr(config)#interface ethernet3
K-rtr(config-if)#ip address 195.176.118.253 255.255.255.0
K-rtr(config-if)#no shutdown

use the no command to nullify command given:

(config-if)# no ip addr 195.176.118.253 255.255.255.0

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 storing the configuration on a host

 requires: `tftpd’on a unix host; destination file must exist

before the file is written and must be world writable...
copy run tftp
K-rtr#copy run tftp
Remote host []? 195.176.118.42
Name of configuration file to write [K-rtr-confg]?
/usr/local/tftpd/K-rtr-confg
Write file /usr/local/tftpd/K-rtr-confg on...
host 195.176.118.42? [confirm]
Building configuration...

Writing /usr/local/tftpd/K-rtr-confg !![OK]

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 restoring the configuration from a host

 use ‘tftp’ to pull file from unix host, copying to

running config or startup
K-rtr#copy tftp start
Address of remote host [255.255.255.255]?
195.176.118.42
Name of configuration file [K-rtr-confg]?
Configure using K-rtr-confg from 195.176.118.42?
[confirm]
Loading K-rtr-confg from 195.176.118.42 (via
Ethernet0): !
[OK - 1005/128975 bytes]
[OK]
K-rtr# reload

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 getting help
 IOS has a built-in help facility; use “?” to get a list of
possible configuration statements

 “?” after the prompt lists all possible commands:

router#?

 “<partial command> ?” lists all possible

subcommands, e.g.:

router#show ?
router#show ip ?

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 getting help

 “<partial command>?” shows all possible command completions

router#con?
configure connect

 this is different (space before “?”):

router#conf ?
memory Configure from NV memory
network Configure from a TFTP network
host
overwrite-network Overwrite NV memory from TFTP...
network host
terminal Configure from the terminal
<cr>
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 getting help

 this also works in configuration mode:

router(config)#ip a?
accounting-list accounting-threshold
accounting-transits address-pool alias
as-path

router(config)#int e0
router(config-if)#ip a?
access-group accounting address

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 getting help
 can “explore” a command to figure out the syntax:
router(config-if)#ip addr ?
A.B.C.D IP address

router(config-if)#ip addr 169.222.64.1 ?

A.B.C.D IP subnet mask

router(config-if)#ip addr 169.222.64.1 255.255.255.0 ?

secondary Make this IP address a secondary address
<cr>

router(config-if)#ip addr 169.222.64.1 255.255.255.0

router(config-if)#

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 getting lazy help

 TAB character will complete a partial word

router(config)#int<TAB>
router(config)#interface et<TAB>
router(config)#interface ethernet 0
router(config-if)#ip add<TAB>
router(config-if)#ip address ...
195.176.118.1 255.255.255.0

 not really necessary; partial commands can be used:

router#conf t
router(config)#int e0
router(config-if)#ip addr 195.176...

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 getting lazy

 command history
 IOS maintains short list of previously typed commands

 up-arrow or ‘^P’ recalls previous command

 down-arrow or ‘^N’ recalls next command

 line editing
 left-arrow, right-arrow moves cursor inside command

 ‘^D’ or backspace will delete character in front of cursor

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