Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Phạm Thị
Hằng
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1. An overview of SFG
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Bùi Thị Nga
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S
CU
FO
R
U
O
2. Metafunctions
2.1. Ideational Metafunction
2.1.1. Experiential metafucntion
2.1.2. Logical metafucntion
2.2. Interpersonal Metafunction
2.3. Textual Metafunction
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2. Metafunctions
a set of generalized
=
Metafunction functions
that language is said to fulfil
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Types Ideational Process
(experiential) Participants
Clause as
representation Circumstances
Mood ( subject –
Lexico Interpersonal finite )
-grammar Clause as exchange
Residue
Textual Theme
(Halliday,1978: 48) 8
Metafunction complementarity as system
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2.1.Ideational metafunction
2.1.1.Experiential metafunction
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Ideational metafunction
“Ideational” is the part of the grammar concerned with the
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Ideational metafunction
• The field aspects of a text, or its subject matter
and context of use
• Two modes of construal
Who does what to whom where and when, how and why?
Process Circumstances
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The experiential metafunction
• Transitivity system
An extension of the concept of the verb
being transitive or intransitive
(Halliday,1976:159)
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Transitivity system
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The experiential metafunction
Patterns of Experience in the Clause
Additional information
Prepositional phrases, adverbial groups,
Optional
nominal groups as CIRCUMSTANCES
surrounding the clause.
The nucleus
Verbal Group as determining
PROCESS
the
experiential
The
Most nominal groups process
obligatory as PARTICIPANTS in
entities the process
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Process type Associated Example Other
participant(s)
Material Actor, Goal, Target, Stella [actor] opened the Range
(verbs of action) Recipient, Initiator, door [Goal] Circumsta
Beneficiary nce
Behavioral Behaver She [behaver] was
smiling.
mental: Senser, Phenomenon She [senser] didn’t see
perceptive, anyone [phenomena].
cognitive &
affective
ANSWER
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The functions of these processes in context
Material
= experience in the real,
material world
=
physiological or
Behavioral
psychological behavior
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The functions of these processes in context
experiences of bringing
Verbal
= the inner world outside
by speaking
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The functions of these processes in context
Existential
= the existence of
a sole participant
relations of being
Relational = and having between
two participants
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Vu Thi Mau
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2.1 The logical metafunction
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Interdependency
Interdependency
relationship
relationship
Modifying
Modifying Modified
element Equal or unequal element
element
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Logical dependency
relationship
1 2
Parataxis Hypotaxis
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Paratactic
Paratactic relationship
relationship
Initiating
Initiatingclause
clause Continuing clause
(primary, Equal
(primary,free)
free) ( secondary, free)
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Hypotactic
Hypotactic relationship
relationship
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Example:
She took out a paper, and then wrote a long letter to tell him
about her feelings.
She took out a paper and then wrote a long letter to tell him about her feelings
Parataxis 1 2
Hypotaxis α β
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Parataxis vs. Hypotaxis
Parataxis Hypotaxis
linking of clauses of equal biding of clauses of unequal
status status
symmetrical and transitive non-symmetrical and non-
transitive
no dependence of either dependence of element on the
element on the other other
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Logico-semantic relations
1 2
Expansion Projection
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Logico-semantic relation
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Expansion
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Expansion
(Halliday, 1994:225) 35
Elaboration
Elaboration
The
The secondary
secondary The primary
clause Clarifying, describing
clause clause
1. Addition
- “ and”: additive positive
- “ nor”: negative positive
- “ but”: adversative
2. Variation
- “ instead”: replacive
- “ except”: subtractive
- “ or”: alternative
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Examples
1. Addition:
2. Variation
- They did a good job, only they were so slow about it.
- You do your job immediately or you will be fired.
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Enhancement
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Example
Place:
- He lives there while he’s on the job.
Time:
- Turn off the lights before leaving.
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Projection
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Projection
Example:
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Hoàng Trà
My
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Interpersonal Meaning
Expressing meaning among
participants in the situation and the
speaker’s own intrusion into it
Halliday, 1978:46
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2.2 Interpersonal Function
- Establishing, changing and
maintaining interpersonal relations
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Clause as Exchange
- 2 key components: Mood and Residue
- MOOD is determined by Subject and Finite
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Example
The has given away that
duke teapot
subject finite
MOOD RESIDUE
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Clause as Exchange
proposal proposition
SPEECH FUNCTION 52
Clause as exchange
An example
Can anyone pick up the parcel at
the post office?
Role in Goods and services Information
exchange
Give Offer Statement
“I’ll pick it up” “John said he would pick it
up”
Demand Command Question
“Pick it up “Can’t John pick it up
yourself” tomorrow?” 53
Modality
Kind of Modality Examples
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2.3. Textual metafunction
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Đặng Thị
Phương Mai
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Textual metafunction
According to Van (2006: 58),
- Create relevance between parts of what is
being said and between the text and the
context.
- Be expressed through the systems of theme:
Theme - Rheme.
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Textual metafunction and its realization
through the thematic structure
Theme Rheme
point of departure of the message remainder of the
message
For example
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Theme
1. A nominal group
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Theme
3. An adverbial group
Theme Rheme
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Single and multiple theme
- Single theme: includes one of
constituents above.
- Multiple theme: has further internal
structure of its own.
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Multiple theme
• Topical theme: experiential elements: Actor,
Goal, or Circumstance.
• Textual theme: continuative elements (e.g. yes,
no, well), conjunctive elements (e.g. also,
therefore) and structural elements (e.g. but,
and).
• Interpersonal theme: a vocative element, a
modal, a finite verbal operator, or a WH-
interrogative.
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Multiple theme
For example
On the other hand maybe on a week-day it would be less
crowed
conjunctive modal topical
Theme Rheme
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Marked and unmarked theme
• Unmarked: usual or typical
• Marked: unusual
E.g:
talent Mr. Jackson has
Nominal group as Complement
Theme Rheme
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3.
3. SFG
SFG and
and Second
Second Language
Language
Teaching
Teaching
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Nguyễn Thị
Hương
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Iceberg Metaphor
Rules
Learning
Contextual
Social Learning
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SFG and Second Language
Acquisition
• SLA research resonates with SFG because
both are systematic and take account of the
variability of language
SLA an SFG are linked sts’ ability to
communicate in L2
(Thompson, 1999: 30)
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SFG
SFG SLA
Language Awareness:
Knowledge of language
metafunctions helps learners
become more aware of the
language
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SFG
SFG SLA
Corpus Linguistics:
SFG is concerned with choices to
communicate meaning which are
limited once a word is uttered
Patterns of language use
Collocations: multi-word units
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SFG
SFG SLA
Interlanguage Pragmatics:
SFG attempts to explain various
factors affecting communication in a
systematic way: Interpersonal
Metafunction Language
Classroom: awareness of genre,
status, and politeness
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SFG and Pedagogical
Implications
• Use, not just study
• Exchange of information
• Skill integration
• Grammar is only a tool
communication
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References
Butt. D., Fahey, R., Feez, S., Spinks, S. and
Yallop, C.: Using Functional Grammar: An
Explorer’ s Guild (2nd edition); Sydney NSW:
National Centre for English Language Teaching and
Research Macquarie University, 2000.
Daramola, Yemi (1991) “Toward a Universal Systemic
Functional Linguistics”. A Department of English,
University of Lagos Seminar Paper.
Halliday, M. (1994). An Introduction to Functional
Grammar. Second Edition. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. (2004). Dẫn luận ngữ pháp chức năng.
(Van, H. dịch). Hà nội: ĐHQGHN.
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Halliday, M. A. K., (1970). Language structure and
language function. In J. Lyons (Ed.), New horizons in
linguistics (pp. 140-164). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in
English. London: Longman.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as Social Semiotic:
The social interpretation of language and meaning.
Maryland. London: University Park Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1979). Modes of meaning and modes
of expression: Types of grammatical structure and their
determination by different semantic functions. In D. J.
Allerton, E. Carney & D. Holdcroft (Eds.), Function and
context in linguistic analysis: Essays offered to William
Haas (pp. 57-79). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
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Hao Feng (2010). Journal of Language Teaching
and Research, Vol. 1. Manufactured in Finland:
academic publisher.
Martin, J. R., & Rose, D. (2003). Working with discourse:
Meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum.
Serge Sharoff, et.al.(2000). Formal specification of full
grammar models. Availability public.
Thompson, G. (1999). Introducing Fuctional Grammar.
London: Edward Arnold.
Van, H. (2005c). The Meaning and Structure of a Science
Fiction Story: systemic functional analysis. Journal of
Science (Foreign Languages) No.2. pp. 28-45.
http://www.mourass.eq.edu.au/functional_grammar.htm
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