3G and 4G Wireless

Advances and Challenges

PRESENTED BY
AJEET THAKUR
HITESH DAVE
ANOP SINGH
DINESH MEENA
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3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and
Challenges
 Where are we?
 3G Wireless Summary
 Where do we Want to go?
 Evolution to Seamless Networking
 4G Wireless
 Challenges

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Where are We?
 Classic Wireline MaBell Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN)
 US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s
 “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems
 Speech
 AMPS, TACS
 Second Generation Digital Systems
 Enhanced Capacity
 CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC
 2.5 Generation Systems
 Low Speed Data
 GPRS, EDGE
 Third Generation Systems
 “INTERNET” on Wireless
 WiFi/HyperLAN <-> WiMAX/HyperWAN <->
CDMA2000/WCDMA
 Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP
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Representative Wireless Standards
 GSM/TDMA
◦ Time Division Multiplexing based access
 CDMA
◦ Code Division Multiplexing based access
 OFDM
◦ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

11/28/2010
4
CDMA
Input signal Rake Receiver
(from RF)
I
correlator phase rotator delay SUM I
equalizer
Q
I

SUM Q
code channel
generator estimator
Q
Finger 1 Combiner
Finger 2
Finger 3
Timing (Finger allocation)

Matched filter

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Some Representative Current Wireless
Options
 3G Cellular (WCDMA)
◦ Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): Uplink and Downlink are
separated in frequency – (“symmetric”)
◦ Time Division Duplex (TDD): Uplink and Downlink are
separated in time – allows “asymmetric” traffic (adjust time
slots in uplink and downlink)
 3G Cellular (CDMA2000)
 Wi Fi
◦ 802.11a and 802.11b; HyperLAN2
◦ 2.4 GHz band
 WiMAX
◦ 802.16d (fixed); 802.16e (“portable”)
◦ 5.8 GHz band; 10 – 20 Mbps symmetrical BW
 Blue Tooth
◦ RF based LAN technology; 20-30 feet coverage
◦ 2.4 GHz band
HSDPA
 Peak Data rate > 10 Mbps
 Same spectrum by both voice and data
◦ Up to 12 spreading codes for High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH)
◦ Fast link Adaptation
◦ Both code and time division for channel sharing
 Transmission Time interval 2 ms
 Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
◦ Automatic optimizations to Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
 QPSK and 16 QAM modulation at 3.84 Mhz symbol;
spreading factor fixed to 16
 Incremental Redundancy or chase combining (CH)
 New DPCCH2 in uplink primarily for HARQ channel state
info
Radio Resource Management
 Power Control
 Handover
 Access Control
 Load and Congestion Control
 Packet Scheduling
Network Dimensioning and
Optimization
 Dimensioning Criteria
◦ Coverage, Capacity, Quality of Service
 Dimensioning
◦ Link budget, capacity (hard and soft) and load
factor
◦ Estimation of average interference power
◦ Coverage end Outage probabilities
 Optimization
◦ Performance Requirements
◦ Antenna adjustments, neighbor lists, scrambling
codes
Why Move Towards 4G?
 Limitation to meet expectations of applications like
multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing
◦ Wider Bandwidth
 Difficult to move and interoperate due to different
standards hampering global mobility and service
portability
 Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new
integrated network
 Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally
more efficient modulation schemes
 Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and
converged video and data
Where Do We Want to Go?
 Seamless Roaming
 Integrated “standard” Networks
 Mobile Intelligent Internet

 Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP

Networks
Upcoming
 3.5 G
◦ Evolved radio Interface
◦ IP based core network
 4G
◦ New Air Interface
◦ Very high bit rate services
◦ Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds
Key 4G Mobility Concepts
 Mobile IP
◦ VoIP
◦ Ability to move around with the same IP address
◦ IP tunnels
◦ Intelligent Internet
 Presence Awareness Technology
◦ Knowing who is on line and where
 Radio Router
◦ Bringing IP to the base station
 Smart Antennas
◦ Unique transmission
4G Networks Advances
 Seamless mobility (roaming)
◦ Roam freely from one standard to another
◦ Integrate different modes of wireless communications –
indoor networks (e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth);
cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications
 100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility
(local area)
 IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data,
and video
◦ IP RAN
◦ Maintain several data streams within a single connection
 Service Location Protocol (SLP)
◦ Automatic resource discovery
◦ Make all networked resources dynamically configurable
through IP-based service and directory agents
4G Networks Advances – cont’d
 Diameter
◦ Successor to “Radius”
◦ Unified authentication, authorization, and
accounting (AAA)
 Integrated LAN card and Subscriber Identity
Modules (SIMs)
 HSS
◦ Unified Subscriber Information
 Application developers, Service providers, and
content creators
Key Challenges
 Signal Processing and optimizations
◦ Handling extremely large number of users
◦ Synchronous and asynchronous transmissions
◦ Orthogonality / correlation of large number of
codes
◦ Spectrum Pollution
◦ Multi path re-enforcement / interference
◦ Multi User Detection (MUD) and Adaptive
Interference suppression techniques (ISI and MAI)
Key Challenges
 Web AI service / Interactive Intelligent Programs
◦ Smart applications in the web; intelligent agents
◦ Web Adaptiveness – global database schemes,
global error corrective feedback, logic layer
protocol, learning algorithms
◦ Symbolic manipulation
◦ Derive specifically targeted knowledge from
diverse information sources
 Standardizations and Regulatory
◦ Modulation techniques, switching schemes,
roaming
◦ Spectrum
◦ Cooperation/coordination among global
Spectrum Regulators
THANKS

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