GROUP

Frisandy Warda S. Nisang Ayu P. Usamah H. Amin

Avina Wardianty Luke Sekar A. Riska Kusuma W.

PRESENTS
Communicating in Teams and
Organizations
Chapter 9
 The Importance of
Communication
• People can work interdependently only through
communication  organizational objectives
achieved more efficiently and effectively
• Chester Barnard (1938):
 “An organization is born when there are
individuals who are able to communicate.”
• Communication is also important for:
ü Organizational learning and Decision making
ü Aids employee well-being

communicate with others and with ourselves ultimately determines the quality of
Anth
 IBM Example

ng that you could do at a traditional conference ─and more ─at one fifth the cost a
Joanne Mar
A Model of Communication

“ Communication is the real work of leadership .“

Nitin Nohria
 Communication Channels
Computer-Mediated Communication
The most widely used in organizations 

E-mail


E-mail:


• Is an efficient filling cabinet

• Reduces face-to-face and telephone
communication
• Increases Communication with people
further up the hierarchy
• Reduces stereotype biases
• However, increases reliance on
stereotypes
you have to speak in perfectly formed sentences and paragraphs . It isn ’ t about slic
 Problems with E-mail
• Is a poor medium for
 communicating emotions
 “Reply this message soon”
 “Reply this message soon!!!”
 “REPLY THIS MESSAGE SOON”


• Reduces politeness and respect

• Is poor medium for ambiguous, complex
situations
• Contributes to information overload

cate with others and with ourselves ultimately determines the quality of our live
 Other Channels
• Social Networking Communication


N o n ve rb a l C o m m u n ica tio n
“ E m o tio n a l C o n ta g io n ”  a u to m a tic ,
ca tch in g , m im ick in g
Pu rp o se s:
1 ) p ro vid e s co n tin u o u s fe e d b a ck
2 ) w a y o f re ce ivin g e m o tio n a lm e a n in g
3 ) to fu lfill th e d rive to b o n d
“ Communication works for those who work at it .“
John Powell
 Choosing The Best
Communication Channel
• Social Acceptance
 How well the communication medium is
approved and supported by the organization,
teams, and individuals.
• Two factor in social acceptance :
– The organization’s and team’s norms
– Individual preferences

od communication is as stimulating as black coffee , and just as hard to sleep after

Anne Morrow Lindber
 Media Richness
THE HIERARCHY
Rich
medium Overloaded Zone Face - to - face
(medium provides too much
data-carrying capacity) Video - conference

Telephone

Communication Instant Messaging

channel
richness Weblogs

E - mail

Newsletters Oversimplified Zone

(medium provides too little
Lean Financial Statements data-carrying capacity)
medium

Routine, Communication Environment Nonroutine,

clear ambiguous

“ The more elaborate our means of communication , the less we communicate .”

Joseph Priestley
Evaluating Media-Richness
Theory
Three factors seem to override or blur the


medium’s richness :
1. The ability to multicommunicate
2. More varied proficiency levels
3. Social distractions of rich channels

last analysis , what we are communicates far more eloquently than anything we say o
Stephen R
Communication Channels and
Persuasion
Three main reasons for the persuasive effect :


1. Spoken communication typically accompanied by

nonverbal communication
2. Spoken communication offers the sender high-
quality immediate feedback on whether the
receiver understands and accepts the
message.
3. People are persuaded more under conditions of
high social presence than under those of low
social presence.

“ Communication is depositing a part of yourself in another person .“

Anonymous
 Communication Barriers
(Noise)
• Can inhibit the effective exchange of information.
• Can be caused by:
v Imperfect perceptual process of both sender
and receiver.
 Sender: can’t step out from our own
perspectives.
 Receiver: don’t listen well.
v Filtering.
 Deleting or delaying negative information so
that the message sounds more favorable.
v Language differences.
 Jargon, ambiguity.
e greatest problem with communication is the illusion that it has been accomplished
George Bernard S
 Information Overload
• Volume of information received > the person’s
capacity to process it.
• Episodes of
information overload
• Employee ’ s information
processing capacity
•
•
• Information
• Load

•
Dynamics of
•
Information Overload
• Time
•
• Can be reduced through buffering, omitting, and
summarizing.
eech , in your thoughts , in your emotions . Speak habitually low . Wait for attention a
 Cross-Cultural and Cross-
Gender Communication
• Increased along with globalization and diversity.
• Cross-cultural communication barriers:
v Language
v Voice Intonation
v Contradiction of Silence
v Conversational Overlaps

“ If you wish to converse with me , define your terms .“

Voltaire
 Nonverbal Differences
Across Cultures
• Deliberate gestures often have different
interpretations.
• Examples:
v Facial Expressions: Smile
v Head Movements: Shake
v Hand and Arm Gestures: Thumbs Up or “OK” Sign
v Physical Space: Acceptable Distance
v Touching: Kiss the Cheek
v Eye Contact: Look in the Eye
v Physical Posture: Rest with Their Feet on the Desk

hat we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use the understanding
 Gender Differences in
• Men
Communication
v View conversations as negotiations of relative
status and power.
v Assert their power by giving advice to others and
using combative language.
v Love dominating the talk time.
v Engage in more “report talk”.
• Women
v View conversations as a way to build relationships.
v Use indirect requests, apologize more often, and
seek advice more quickly.
v More sensitive to nonverbal cues in face-to-face
meetings.
v Engage in more “rapport talk”.
women belong to different species and communications between them is still in its i
B
Improving Interpersonal
Communication
• Getting the Message Across
v Empathize.
 Understand and be sensitive.
v Repeat the message.
 Rephrase the key points a couple of times.
v Use timing effectively.
 Avoid the noise.
v Be descriptive.
 Focus on the problem if you have negative
information to convey.

“ Examine what is said , not who speaks .“

Arabian Proverb
 Improving Interpersonal
Communication
• Active Listening

Sensing
Postpone evaluation
Avoid interruptions
Maintain interest

Active
Listening

Responding Evaluating
Show interest Empathize
Clarify the message Organize information

tener and speaker . When someone receives us with open - hearted , non - judging , intensely
 Improving Communication
throughout the Hierarchy
• Workspace Design
v Open space.
v Cloister employees into team spaces but also
encourage sufficient interaction with people from
other teams.
• Web-Based Organizational Communication
• Direct Communication with Top Management
 MBWA (Management by Walking Around):
 A communication practice in which executives get
out of their offices and learn from others in the
organization through face-to-face dialogue.

“ The liberty of speaking and writing guards our other liberties .”

Thomas Jefferson
 Communicating through the
Grapevine
• Grapevine: An unstructured and informal network
founded on social relationships rather than
organizational charts or job descriptions.
• Characteristics
v Transmits very quickly in cluster chain.
v The information has at least a kernel of truth.
v Changes along with globalization.

“ Don ’ t appear so scholarly , pray . Humanize your talk , and speak to be understood .”
Moliere
 Communicating through the
Grapevine
• Benefits
v Acts as a source of information when the formal
one isn’t available yet.
v The main conduit of which organizational stories
and other symbols of organization’s culture are
communicated.
v This social interaction relieves anxiety.
v Is associated with the drive to bond.
• Limitations
v Sometimes is so distorted that it can escalate
employee anxiety.
v Employees develop more negative attitudes toward
the organization when management is slower
than the grapevine in communicating
re information., but they signify quite different things . Information
often used interchangeably
Thank You