definition

 a form of the visual arts, in which

color, derived from any numerous
organic and synthetic substances is
applied to various surfaces to create
images with decorative value,
representational value, or both
 It is the application of colored pigments to a
flat surface like canvas, paper, wood or
plaster.

 Sources of pigments: (natural sources) clay,

some plants, vegetable matter, coal tar, and
others.
 Pigment is also manufactured, e.g. Prussian
Blue
 A material that changes the color of
reflected or transmitted light as the result of
wavelength -selective absorption

 Pigments are used for coloring paint, ink,

plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food and other
materials. Most pigments used in the visual
arts are dry colorants, usually ground into a
fine powder.
Natural ultramarine pigment in powdered form
 Is an accurate detail or the subject’s likeness
in the real world of nature and experience

 In abstract painting, the aesthetic value

resides in the forms and colors than in the
subject matter

 Non-objective and non-representational

paintings have no recognizable subject
matter
 The various vehicles used to bind and
disperse color pigments

1. Fresco
2. Tempera
3. Oil
4. Acrylics
5. Water color
 Fully developed during the Renaissance
period
 2 kinds:

1. Boun fresco (true fresco) –water color paints

are applied to fresh plaster so that pigments
and plaster mix chemically
2. Fresco secco (dry fresco) – the paint is
applied to dry plaster
 Requires a binding material like gum

 Fresco becomes part of the wall

 Lime plaster is used for true frescoes.

 Pigments, diluted in water, are applied to

the still wet plaster.

 Lime plaster is a mixture of calcium

hydroxide and sand (or other inert fillers).

 Lime plaster was a common building material

for wall surfaces
 The favorite medium of the Medieval Period
and the Renaissance

 The application of pigments mixed with egg

yolk to a panel, usually wood (often covered
with linen) on which several coats of gesso
(chalk and gum) have been carefully rubbed
down to create a glassy-smooth surface

e.g. Birth of Venus (by Botticelli)

Annunciation (by Simone Martine)
Annunciation
(by Simone Martine)
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 Tempera is traditionally created by hand-
grinding dry powdered pigments into a
binding agent or medium, such as egg, glue,
honey, water, milk (in the form of casein)
and a variety of plant gums.

 In "egg tempera“, most often only the

contents of the egg yolk is used. The white
of the egg and even the membrane of the
yolk are discarded
 Its invention was attributed to the brothers
Hubert and Jan van Eych, who applied oil
paints to wooden panels, and even on
canvass made either of linen or linen cloth
blends

 Advantage: remains moist for long time and

allows time for the painter to modify or alter
what he has done

e.g. Van Gogh; El Greco; and Rembrandt

 A synthetic medium which is water-based
paint made from acrylic resins

 Advantages:
1. Quick drying
2. Durability
3. Adaptability
4. Can be cleaned simply by water
 Acrylic paints can be diluted with water, but
become water-resistant when dry.

 acrylic paint is "water-based"

Red acrylic paint
 Mixed with water and applied to paper, pale
and light in color

 Suitable for rapid, and spontaneous

expression in painting
 Characteristics:

1. Transparent
2. opaque