LIQUID MEDIA

Drawing may be done with a liquid

medium, applied with brushes or pens.

Media
1. pen and ink
2. brush and ink
A pen is a long, thin, rounded device used to apply
ink to a surface for the purpose of writing or drawing,
usually on paper.

There are several different types, including ballpoint,

rollerball, fountain, and felt-tip.

Historically, reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were

used.
Ballpoint pen
Rollerball pen
Fountain pen
Marker or felt-tip pen
A ballpoint pen has an internal chamber filled with a
viscous ink that is dispensed at tip during use by the
rolling action of a small metal sphere (0.7 mm to
1.2 mm in diameter) of brass, steel or tungsten
carbide.
Retractable ballpoint pen, disassembled and complete
Pentel R.S.V.P. ballpoint pens.
Rollerball pens are writing instruments which use
ball point writing mechanisms with water-based
liquid or gelled ink, as opposed to the oil-based
viscous inks found in ballpoint pens
A gel-based rollerball pen.
A rollerball pen has three main advantages over a
ballpoint pen:

Less pressure needs to be applied to the pen to

have it write cleanly. This permits holding the
pen with less stress on the hand, saving energy
and improving comfort.

The inks usually have a greater range of colors

due to the wider choice of suitable water-soluble
dyes and/or to the use of pigments.

They usually tend to write finer lines and more

clearly than ballpoint pens do.
A fountain pen is a nib pen that, unlike its
predecessor the dip pen, contains an
internal reservoir of water-based liquid ink.
From the reservoir, the ink is drawn
through a feed to the nib and then to the
paper via a combination of gravity and
capillary action. As a result, the typical
fountain pen requires little or no pressure
to write.
These Parker Doufolds from the 1920s used the Lucky
Curve feed system and self-filled using a "button filler".
They were quite long; nearly 7 inches long when posted.
Fountain pen nib labeled "IRIDIUM POINT GERMANY"
A marker pen, marking pen, felt-tip pen, or
marker, is a pen which has its own ink-
source, and usually a tip made of a porous
material, such as felt or nylon.
A selection of disposable felt tip pens.
Highlighters
Ink brushes are used in Chinese
calligraphy. They are also used in Chinese
painting and descendant brush painting
styles (such as sumi-e).
Stalk
Hairs source
Hairs texture
Hairs size
Usually normal bamboo, exotic brushes instead may
use materials like gold, silver, jade, ivory, red
sandalwood or mottled bamboo.
Normally the brush is made from goat,
Siberian Weasel, Yellow-rat-wolf), pig,
mouse, buffalo, wolf and rabbit hair, while
exotic ones can be made from tiger, fowl,
deer and even human baby hair (from the
first haircut a baby gets, said to bring good
fortune while taking the Imperial
examinations).
Soft hairs
 Certain textures are better for writing
certain styles than others are.
Generally classified as either big; most
calligraphy is written with a medium-sized
brush.
The smallest brushes are used for very small
pieces and for fashioning designs for seals.
Medium brushes are the most widely used;
wielded by a skilled artist, a medium brush can
produce a variety of thicknesses of line, from
very thin to fairly thick. The largest brushes
are used only for very large pieces.
Ink brushes of various
size and material for
sale at a Taipei store.
Ink drawings typically use hatching, which
consists of groups of parallel lines.

Cross-hatching uses hatching in two or more

different directions to create a darker tone.
Broken hatching, or lines with intermittent
breaks, is used to form lighter tones, and by
controlling the density of the breaks a graduation
of tone can be achieved.
Stippling, uses dots to produce tone, texture or
shade.
Hatching is an artistic technique used to
create tonal or shading effects by drawing
(or painting or scribing) closely spaced
parallel lines.
When lines are placed at an angle to one
another, it is called cross-hatching.
The main concept is that the quantity,
thickness and spacing of the lines will affect
the brightness of the overall image, and
emphasize forms creating the illusion of
volume.
Hatching lines should always follow (i.e.
wrap around) the forms. By increasing
quantity, thickness and closeness, a darker
area will result.
Albrecht Dürer, Veronica, engraving, 1513. Example of hatching (e.g., background)
and cross-hatching in many darker areas (visible if viewed at full size).
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatching