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Exchange
&Transport
Dr . Amro
O2 and CO2 exchange by
O2 and CO2 exchange by diffusion
diffusion
The process of diffusion is simply the
random motion of molecules
intertwining their way in all directions
through the respiratory membrane
and adjacent fluids.
For diffusion to occur, there must be a
source of energy. This is provided by
the kinetic motion of the molecules
themselves.
Net Diffusion of a Gas in One
Direction—Effect of a
Concentration Gradient
1
β 2 α 2
Hemoglobin molecule
tetramer, 2α /2β
Hb + O2 HbO2
DEOXYHAEMOGLOBIN OXYHAEMOGLOBIN
10
Active cell
CO2 transport
7% in plasma
23% in plasma
7%
carbamino 23%
compounds Carbmino
Hb
(bound to globin 70% Bicarbona
te
part of Hb)
70% as
Bicarbonate
CARBONDIOXIDE IN PLASMA
Lungs
HALDANE EFFECT
Is opposite to the Bohr effect.
Binding of Oxygen to Hemoglobin
tends to displace CO2 from the blood.
This is called as the Haldane effect.
Is quantitatively more important than
the Bohr effect.
It promotes the transfer of CO2
EFFECTS OF CO
CO binds to Hb on its Oxygen binding
sites.
It has about 200 times the affinity of
Oxygen for Hb.
So it excludes Oxygen from binding
to Hb.
The Oxygen carrying capacity of
blood is reduced.
CO Poisoning: symptoms
HEADACHE CHERRY PINK CHEEKS
CO Poisoning: Therapy
High concentrations of Oxygen are given
to occupy all available sites on Hb &
cause CO dissociation.
Administration of some CO2 will:
stimulate ventilation
cause a STR of the ODC