Others - ASEAN

p Established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok

p five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
p Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984,
Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23
July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999.
p population - about 500 million
p gross domestic product of US$737 billion, and a
total trade of US$ 720 billion
BJECTIVES
p to accelerate the economic growth,
social progress and cultural
development in the region through joint
endeavors
p to strengthen the foundation for a
prosperous and peaceful community of
Southeast Asian nations
p to promote regional peace and stability
AFTA
p Enhance economic cooperation
p 

 





 








 


 

p The elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers
among the member countries is expected to
promote greater economic efficiency,
productivity, and competitiveness
Achievements of ASEAN
p the development of Trans-ASEAN transportation
network consisting of major inter-state highway and
railway networks, principal ports and sea lanes for
maritime traffic
p promoting the interoperability and interconnectivity
of the national telecommunications equipment and
services
p Building of Trans-ASEAN energy networks, which
consist of the ASEAN Power Grid and the Trans-
ASEAN Gas Pipeline Projects
p ASEAN economic cooperation covers
the following areas è
-6
 6 6 
6   


 
6
  6   
6
 6
6
 

6
66

   6 

 

6  
 6
 
ëAIA
p ëatin American Integration Association
Members ± Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia
SAARC
South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation
p association of eight countries of South Asiaè Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri ëanka, and
most recently admitted, Afghanistan
p SAARC encourages cooperation in agriculture, rural
development, science and technology, culture, health,
population control, narcotics control and anti-terrorism
p SAARC encourages cooperation in agriculture, rural
development, science and technology, culture, health,
population control, narcotics control and anti-terrorism
SAARC..
p avoided more divisive political issues ..
Iran & China interested to join..
the members of SAARC established the
SAARC Preferential Trading
Arrangement (SAPTA) to promote and
sustain mutual trade and the economic
cooperation among the Contracting
States in April 11, 1993
SAPTA
p Objectivesè
- ëiberalize trade by eliminating trade
barriers
Andean Pact
p Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
p Nearly failed(1980). Rejuvenated in 1990 in the
Galapagos Declaration
p Changed from FTA to customs union in 1992
p Still has many political and economic problems
p Integration steps began in 1960
p Internal tariff reduction, common external tariff, a
transportation policy, common industrial policy,
special concerns for the the smallest members ±
Ecuador & Bolivia
MERCOSUR(Mercado common
del Sur
p 1988è Argentina, Brazil. 1990è Paraguay, Uruguay
p Reduction in tariffs brought about 80% increase in
trade between Brazil & Argentina, then pact was
extended«
p Establish full free trade area and common market
later
p South American Free Trade Area (SAFTA)«to
bring other S.American countries into the agreement
p Combined GDP grew at a rate of 3.5% between 90 &
96
p Central American Common Market
p 1960sè Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua.
p Collapsed in 1969 due to war between Honduras & El
Salvador
p Presidents met and have a common tariff policy now
p CARICOM(Caribbean community and common market)
p 1973è English-speaking Caribbean countries
p 1991è Failed for third time to establish common
external tariff
Facts
p Highest area ± NAFTA
p Highest GDP ± NAFTA - 12,889,900
(millions of $)
p Highest population ± SAARC -
1,467,255,669